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1、山东省郯城第三中学高中英语 语法大全 第4章 动词的语气（含巩固练习）一.概念语气有三种:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气.语气表示说话人对劝词所示示的动作或所处的状态持有的态度或看法.二.相关知识点精讲1.辨别if 引导真实条件句和if引导的虚拟条件句的区别If he has time, he will go with us.= Probably he has time and will go with us.If he had time, he would go with us.=But in fact he has no time.2.虚拟条件句中主句和从句的谓与动词构成形式如下表if条件句
2、中的谓与动词主句的谓与动词与现在的事实相反1. 行为动词用did 形式2. be动词用wereshouldwouldcould + 动词原形might 与过去的事实相反had + doneshouldwouldcould + have + donemight与将来的事实相反1. 行为动词用did2. should + 动词原形3. were to + 动词原形shouldwouldcould + 动词原形might 3.混合时间的虚拟语气如果条件句中的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生，主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整。1)0If I had received the p
3、assport yesterday, I would start today.2)If he had telephoned me last night, I would see him now.3)If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be all right now.4)If China had not been liberated, the working people would still be leading a miserable life.4.should/ could / might/ ought to + have d
4、one 表示“过去本应该/可以做而实际上却没做”neednt have done 表示“过去没必要作而实际上做了”5.虚拟语气中的倒装句如果虚拟语气的条件从句谓语动词中含有were, had, could, should，有时可将if省去，而将条件从句的主语置于were, had, should, could 之后。Had you invited us, we would have come to your party.Were I you, I would do more practice after class.Could she lend us a helping hand, she w
5、ould do so.6.wish 后面的宾语从句的谓语动词应使用虚拟语气， 表示“可惜；.就好了； 悔不该； 但愿。”主句谓语从句谓语wish时态谓语动词的形式现在时表示与wish同时发生动词用过去时be动词用were过去时表示在wish之前发生的动作动词用had donebe用had been将来时表示在wish之后发生的动作动词用would do; should dobe 用 would be ; should be1)I wish I knew the key to the answer.2)I wish I were ten years younger.3)I wish that I
6、 had gone to the football match last week.4)I wish that you had been here yesterday.5)He wishes that we would visit the old school.7.表示命令或建议动词suggest, insist, propose, desire, demand, request, order, command 后的宾语从句中应使用虚拟 should +动词原形； should 不可用would 来替代; 主句所使用的动词时态不限。8.suggest 为“建议去做; 命令”从句用should
7、+ do为“ 说明； 暗示”, 从句用过去时或过去完成时。1) The doctor suggested that I should take the medicine three times a day.2) The doctor suggested that my grandmother had caught a bad cold.9.insist “坚持要去做，坚持应该去做”，从句用should + do为“坚持表明，坚持说/解释”， 从句用过去时或过去完成时。10.虚拟语气也用于表语从句和主语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句的主语通常是suggestion, pr
8、oposal, request, order, idea 等。表语从句中的谓语动词是should +动词原型，should 可以省略。11.在主语从句中，当从句用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜等，从句的谓语动词用需拟语气形式。其谓语动词时should + 动词原型， 或should 省略。三.巩固练习1. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _ much easier.A. will be B. would have beenC. could have been D. would be2. If I _ you, Id join the army.A
9、. amB. wasC. wereD. would be3. If he _ tomorrow, he would find Mr Wang in the office.A. comesB. will comeC. should comeD. come4. If it _ next week , the crops would be saved.A. rainsB. will rainsC. would rainD. should rain5. If I _ it, I would do it in a different way.A. were to doB. doC. had doneD.
10、 was to do6. Supposing the weather _ bad, where would you go ?A. isB. will beC. wereD. be7. If he had worked harder, he _.A. would succeedB. had succeededC. should succeedD. would have succeeded8. If he _, he _ that food.A. was warned; would not takeB. had been warned; would not have takenC. would b
11、e warned; had not takenD. would have been warned; had not taken9. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going.A. had been; would have preventedB. had been; would preventC. were; would preventD. were; would have prevented10. If he _ it, he _ it.A. had seen; could have believedB. saw; couldn
12、t believeC. saw; couldnt have believedD. has seen; had believed11. Do you think the thief entered through the window?No, if he had, I dont believe, _ broken the living-rooms window.A. he would haveB. he must haveC. he hadD. should he have12. Did you go swimming last Sunday?No. We would have gone _ nicer.A. if the weather wasB. would the weather have beenC. had the weather beenD. should the weather be4
