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1、Kurmani S Squire I Acute Heart Failure Definition Classification and Epidemiology Curr Heart Fail Rep 2017 Oct 14 5 385 392 木仓医学考研复试 SCI 长难句 循环内科第一章 二尖瓣返流循环内科第一章 二尖瓣返流 Ischemic mitral regurgitation IMR is a frequent complication of left ventricular LV global or regional pathological remodeling due t
2、o chronic coronary artery disease It is not a valve disease but represents the valvular consequences of increased tethering forces and reduced closing forces IMR is defined as mitral regurgitation caused by chronic changes of LV structure and function due to ischemic heart disease and it worsens the
3、 prognosis 缺血性二尖瓣返流 IMR 是慢性冠脉疾病引起的左心室 LV 整体或局部病理 性重塑的常见并发症 它不是一种瓣膜病 但它表现了系留力增加和关闭力减少 所导致的瓣膜症状 IMR 的定义为由缺血性心脏病引起的左室结构和功能的慢 性改变所导致的二尖瓣返流 使患者的预后更差 知识点总结 ischemicadj 缺血性的 局部缺血的 mitraladj 二尖瓣的 regurgitationn 回流 返流 ventricularn 心室 adj 心室的 pathologicaladj 病理的 remodelingn 重塑 重建 coronary artery冠状动脉 valve val
4、vularn 瓣膜 adj 瓣膜的 tetherv 系 拴住 prognosisn 预后 Kurmani S Squire I Acute Heart Failure Definition Classification and Epidemiology Curr Heart Fail Rep 2017 Oct 14 5 385 392 木仓医学考研复试 SCI 长难句 循环内科第二章 急性心力衰竭循环内科第二章 急性心力衰竭 A diagnosis of acute heart failure AHF is made when patients present acutely with sig
5、ns and symptoms of heart failure often with decompensation of pre existing cardiomyopathy The most current guidelines classify based on clinical features at initial presentation and are used to both risk stratify and guide the management of haemodynamic compromise Despite this AHF remains a diagnosi
6、s with a poor prognosis and there is no therapy proven to have long term mortality benefits 急性心力衰竭 AHF 的诊断是基于患者突然表现出心力衰竭的体征和症状 通常伴有原有心肌病的失代偿 最近的指南根据首发的临床症状进行分类 用于 风险分层和指导血流动力学障碍的处理 尽管如此 AHF 仍然是一种预后不良 的疾病 目前没有任何治疗被证明能降低其远期死亡率 知识点总结 1decompensationn 失代偿 2pre existingadj 既有的 3cardi o 前缀 心脏 4haem o 前缀 血
7、的 Kurmani S Squire I Acute Heart Failure Definition Classification and Epidemiology Curr Heart Fail Rep 2017 Oct 14 5 385 392 木仓医学考研复试 SCI 长难句 循环内科第三章 急性心肌梗死循环内科第三章 急性心肌梗死 Acute myocardial infarction has traditionally been divided into ST elevation or non ST elevation myocardial infarction however t
8、herapies are similar between the two Acute myocardial infarction remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide despite substantial improvements in prognosis over the past decade The progress is a result of several major trends including improvements in risk stratification more widespr
9、ead use of an invasive strategy implementation of care deliverysystemsprioritisingimmediaterevascularisationthrough percutaneouscoronaryintervention orfibrinolysis advancesin antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants and greater use of secondary prevention strategies such as statins 急性心肌梗死通常分为 ST 段抬高型和
10、非 ST 段抬高型心肌梗死 然而 两者的治疗方法相似 世界范围内急性心梗的发病率和死亡率仍然高居首位 尽 管在过去十年中 急性心梗患者 预后有了很大改善 这些改善是一些主要发展 趋势的结果 包括危险分层的改善 侵入性策略更广泛的应用 通过经皮冠状动 脉介入治疗 或纤溶 优先及时重建血管的医疗服务系统的实现 抗血小板药物 和抗凝剂的进展 以及二级预防策略如他汀类药物使用的增加 知识点总结 infarctionn 梗塞 梗死形成 morbidityn 发病率 mortalityn 死亡率 stratificationn 分层 revascularisationn 血管重建 antiplatelet
11、 agents抗血小板药 ReedGW RossiJE CannonCP Acutemyocardialinfarction Lancet 2017Jan 14 389 10065 197 210 anticoagulantsn 抗凝剂 statinsn 他汀类药物 木仓医学考研复试 SCI 长难句 循环内科第四章 冠心病循环内科第四章 冠心病 While chronic stress increases the risk of incident coronary heart disease CHD and poor cardiovascular prognosis acute emotion
12、al stress can trigger acute CHD events in vulnerable patients Evidence supporting a potential role for inflammation as a promising biological mechanism comes from population based studies showing associations between chronic stress and increased inflammation Similarly experimental studies demonstrat
13、e acute stress induced increases in inflammatory markers and suggest modulatory potential for pharmacological and biobehavioral interventions 慢性压力会增加冠心病 CHD 的突发风险 影响心血管疾病的预后 急性的 情绪压力也会触发易感患者的急性冠心病事件 一项基于人群的研究表明 慢性 压力和炎症增加之间存在联系 认为炎症可能是冠心病发病的生物学机制 类似 地 实验研究表明急性应激会诱导炎症标志物的增加 提示了药理学和生物行为 干预的调节潜力 知识点总结 triggerv 激发 vulnerable patient易感患者 inflammationn 炎症 modulatoryadj 调节的 pharmacologicaladj 药理的 药理学的 Wirtz PH von K nel R Psychological Stress Inflammation and Coronary Heart Disease Curr Cardiol Rep 2017 Sep 20 19 11 111
