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1、聚丙烯微晶纤维素复合材料的制备与性能研究 聚丙烯/微晶纤维素复合材料 的制备与性能研究 摘 要 聚丙烯（PP）/微晶纤维素（MCC）复合材料是以PP为基体和新型绿色环保材料。由于MCC是亲水的极性材料，而PP是疏水的非极性材料，两者的相容性较差，复合材料中加入相容剂和MCC硅烷化处理是改善两者相容性的两种可行的途径。本文通过万能试验机、冲击试验机、偏光显微镜测试PP/MCC复合材料的力学性能和其结晶形貌，并且用美国TA公司生产的示差扫描量热分析仪和热重分析仪研究复合材料的热稳定性和结晶性能。通过对比分析不同处理方法对材料性能的影响，得出以下结果： （1）复合材料的拉伸强度，冲击强度随MCC含量
2、的增加而降低，加入相容剂后，复合材料的拉伸强度，弯曲强度、冲击强度和硬度值都有明显的提高，MCC的热分解温度也有所提高，并且复合材料的残碳率比不加增容剂的高3%左右。 （2）随着改性MCC含量的增加，复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度降低，弯曲强度提高，并且强度上要高于微晶处理的MCC/PP复合材料，断裂伸长率有显著的降低。改性MCC的热分解温度比MCC高2025，改性后的复合材料的结晶度和熔融温度随改性MCC含量的增加而提高。 （3）未经处理的PP/MCC复合材料的结晶形貌要优于处理后的复合材料。随着MCC含量的增多，大量模糊的折射光斑在MCC周围生成。 关键词：聚丙烯；微晶纤维素；聚丙烯接枝马来
3、酸酐；复合材料；表面改性 ABSTRACT Polypropylene (PP) / microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) composite is a new type of green environmental protection material based on PP. Since MCC is a hydrophilic material, and PP is a hydrophobic non polar material, the compatibility of the two is poor, and the addition of the c
4、ompatible agent and MCC silane treatment is the two possible ways to improve the compatibility of the two. The universal mechanical performance testing machine, impact testing machine, polarized light microscopy PP/MCC composite and its crystal morphology, and TA are shown by differential scanning c
5、alorimetry and thermal gravimetric analyzer to study composite thermal stability and crystallization properties. By comparing and analyzing the effect of different treatment methods on the properties of the materials, the following results are obtained. (1) The tensile strength of the composite mate
6、rial, impact strength increased with the content of MCC decreased after adding compatibilizer. The tensile strength of the composite, flexural strength, impact strength and hardness values are significantly improved and thermal decomposition temperature of the MCC also increased and residual carbon
7、composite rate without compatibilizer of up to 3%. (2) Along with the changes of the MCC content increasing, the tensile strength and impact strength of the composite decreased, improve flexural strength and strength to higher than microcrystalline processing MCC/PP composite, the elongation at brea
8、k is significantly reduced. The thermal decomposition temperature of modified 2025 was higher than that of MCC, and the crystallinity and melting temperature of the modified MCC increased with the increase of the content of MCC. (3) The crystalline morphology of the untreated PP/MCC composites is be
9、tter than that of the treated composites. With the increase of MCC content, a large number of fuzzy refraction spot is generated around MCC. Key word：polypropylene；microcrystalline cellulose；polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride；composites；surface modification. 目 录 1 绪论. 1 1.1 引言 . 1 1.2 聚丙烯 . 1 1.
10、2.1 聚丙烯的结构. 1 1.2.2 聚丙烯的性质. 2 1.2.3 聚丙烯的发展前景. 2 1.3 微晶纤维素 . 3 1.3.1 微晶纤维素的结构. 3 1.3.2 微晶纤维素的性质. 3 1.3.3 微晶纤维素的发展前景. 4 1.4 复合材料 . 5 1.4.1 基本概念. 5 1.4.2 复合材料分类. 5 1.4.3 复合材料的性能及用途. 5 1.5 复合材料研究中的问题 . 6 1.5.1 聚丙烯/微晶纤维素复合材料制备中的问题 . 6 1.5.2微晶纤维素的改性. 7 1.6 复合材料的优点、用途及发展趋势 . 9 1.6.1 复合材料的优点. 9 1.6.2 复合材料的应用范围.
