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1、Securing Australia s Urban Water Supply Research notes for selected case studies Research notes prepared for Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet To be read in conjunction with Securing Australia s Urban Water Supply Opportunities and Impediments 20 November 2006 Financial introducing open a
2、ccess to infrastructure IPART recommended that access be state based using a negotiate arbitrate model The Australian Competition Tribunal was unable to form a definitive view as to whether IPART s state based proposal would develop into an effective access regime and therefore following an applicat
3、ion by Services Sydney handed down a decision to declare Sydney Water s sewage interconnection and transportation services for 50 years under Part IIIA of the Trade Practices Act 1974 and removing certain legal and regulatory barriers to competition private sector participation and innovation 1 2 Ca
4、se study Sydney In 1999 responsibility for water infrastructure in Sydney was divided between two organisations Sydney Catchment Authority and Sydney Water Corporation The Sydney Catchment Authority is a State government agency established to manage water catchments to ensure water quality and to su
5、pply bulk water to Sydney Water from a system of dams and other infrastructure Sydney Water Corporation is a statutory state owned corporation that provides water wastewater and stormwater services to a population of around 4 2 million people in the greater Sydney metropolitan area The Sydney Water
6、Act 1994 stipulates that Sydney Water s principal objectives are not only to be a successful business but also to protect the environment and public health 1 2 1 Water availability Water Supply Sydney s potable water supply is currently sourced from 11 major dams of which the largest is Warragamba D
7、am with several smaller dams in the catchments of the Upper Nepean Woronora Blue Mountains and Shoalhaven Precipitation in Sydney occurs throughout the year trailing away slightly in the second half of the calendar year however on occasion large proportions of the annual rainfall are delivered in a
8、single event In addition El Ni o events can cause alternating wet and dry periods of between a few years up to a decade Consequently runoff into Sydney catchments is highly variable and to compensate for the 1 IPART 2005 Investigation into Water and Wastewater Service Provision in the Greater Sydney
9、 Region Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet Securing Australia s Urban Water Supply Selected case studies RESEARCH NOTES 20 November 2006 9 long dry periods Sydney s dams can store around 2 400 gigalitres of water at full capacity around four years of supply under zero inflow conditions 2 S
10、ydney is currently experiencing the second worst drought on record and dam levels have fallen to 41 0 per cent compared with levels of 80 per cent 90 per cent in 2001 as shown in Figure 1 3 Figure 1 Available Storage in Sydney Dams 12 October 2006 Source SCA Bulk Water Storage agreed Upper Nepean en
11、vironmental flows which will reduce annual water availability by 25 GL the effect of removing Level Four and Five restrictions from the suite of possible drought response options the Water Plan does not specify the impact on water requirements 2 NSW Government 2006 Metropolitan Water Plan 3 Dam leve
12、ls available at http www sca nsw gov au 4 Hennessy K et al 2004 Climate Change in New South Wales Part 1 Past climate variability and projected changes in average climate CSIRO Available at http www cmar csiro au e print open hennessy 2004b pdf Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet Securing A
13、ustralia s Urban Water Supply Selected case studies RESEARCH NOTES 20 November 2006 10 building access to deep storages at Warragamba and Nepean Dams boosting annual water availability by 40 GL the Western Sydney Recycled Water Initiative one component of which will replace the current flow releases
14、 from Warragamba Dam and saving up to 27 gigalitres per year by 2015 readiness to build a desalination plant in the event that storages fall to around 30 per cent which will increase annual water availability by between 30 and 70 gigalitres and readiness to access groundwater if storages fall to aro
15、und 40 per cent which may increase annual water availability by between 5 and 10 gigalitres the amount of water available from groundwater sources is yet to be determined and the effect of the current Shoalhaven transfers scheme without raising Tallowa Dam wall and assuming current operational setti
16、ngs The volume available is not specified in the Water Plan 5 The identified impact on annual water availability is shown in Figure 2 FigureFigure 2 2 MinimumMinimum ImpactImpact ofof FactorsFactors affectingaffecting SydneySydney WaterWater SupplySupply 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 Change in Annual Water Availability GL Updated inflow data Environmental flows Access to groundwater Western Sydney Recycling Readiness for desalination Acces to deep storages Source NSW Government 2006 Metropolitan Water
