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1、学 海 无 涯 一 冠词一 冠词 冠词分为不定冠词 a an 定冠词 the 和零冠词 I 不定冠词的用法 1 指一类人或事 相当于 a kind of A plane is a machine that can fly 2 第一次提及某人某物 非特指 A boy is waiting for you 有个男孩在等你 3 表示 每一 相当于 every one We study eight hours a day 4 表示 相同 相当于 the same We are nearly of an age 5 用于人名前 表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质 的人或事 Hello could I s
2、peak to Mr Smith Sorry wrong number There isn t Mr Smith here A 不填 B a C the D one That boy is rather a Lei Feng 活雷锋 6 用于固定词组中 a couple of a bit once upon a time in a hurry have a walk many a time 7 用于 quite rather many half what such 之后 This room is rather a big one 8 用于 so as too how 形容词之后 She is
3、as clever a girl as you can wish to meet 9 用于抽象名词具体化的名词前 success 抽象名词 a success 具体化 成功的人或事 a failure 失败的人或事 a shame 带来耻辱的人或事 a pity 可惜或遗憾的事 a must 必需必备的事 a good knowledge of 精通掌握某一方面的知识 II 定冠词的用法 学 海 无 涯 1 表示某一类人或物 In many places in China bicycle is still popular means of transportation A a the B a
4、C the a D the the 2 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前 the universe the moon the Pacific Ocean 3 表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事 Would you mind opening the door 4 用于演奏乐器 play the violin play the guitar 5 用于形容词和分词前表示一类人 the reach the living the wounded 6 表示 一家人 或 夫妇 对比上文的不定冠词用 法 5 Could you tell me the way to Johnsons please Sorry
5、 we don t have Johnson here in the village A the the B the a C the D the 7 用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前 He is the taller of the two children 8 用于国家党派等以及江河湖海 山川群岛的名词前 the United States the Communist Party of China the French 9 用于表示发明物的单数名词前 The compass was invented in China 10 在逢十的复数数词之前 指世纪的某个年代 in the 1990 s
6、 二十世纪九十年代 11 用于表示度量单位的名词前 I hired the car by the hour 12 用于方位名词 身体部位名词 He patted me on the shoulder III 不用冠词 又名零冠词 的用法 学 海 无 涯 1 专有名词 物质名词 抽象名词 人名地名等 名词前 Beijing University Jack China love air 2 名词前有 this my whose some no each every 等限制 I want this book not that one Whose purse is this 3 季节 月份 星期 节假
7、日 一日三餐前 March Sunday National Day spring 4 表示职位 身份 头衔的名词前 Lincoln was made President of America 5 表示球类 棋类等运动的名词前 He likes playing football chess 6 与 by 连用表示交通方式的名词前 We went right round to the west coast by sea instead of driving across continent A the the B 不填 the C the 不填 D 不填 不填 7 以 and 连接的两个相对的名词
8、并用时 husband and wife knife and fork day and night 8 表示泛指的复数名词前 Horses are useful animals II 名词的数 规则名词的复数形式 名词的复数形式 一般在单数形式后面加 s 或 es 参看有关语法书 英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的 请看下表 规 则 例 词 1 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 man men woman women foot feet goose geese mouse mice 2 单复数相同 sheep deer series means works fish species 3 只有复数
9、形式 ashes trousers clothes thanks goods glasses compasses contents 4 一些集体名词总是用作复数 people police cattle staff 5 部分集体名词既可以作单数 整体 也可以作audience class family crowd couple group committee 学 海 无 涯 复数 成员 government population crew team public enemy party 6 复数形式表示特别含义 customs 海关 forces 军队 times 时代 spirits 情绪
10、drinks 饮 料 sands 沙滩 papers 文件报纸 manners 礼貌 looks 外表 brains 头脑智力 greens 青菜 ruins 废墟 7 表示 某国 人 加 s Americans Australians Germans Greeks Swedes Europeans 单复数同形 Swiss Portuguese Chinese Japanese 以 man 或 woman 结尾的改为 men women Englishmen Frenchwomen 8 合成名词 将主体名词变为复数 sons in law lookers on passers by story
11、 tellers boy friends 无主体名词时将最后一部分变为 复数 grown ups housewives stopwatches 将两部分变为复数 women singers men servants III 主谓一致 规 则 情 况 举 例 语 法 一 以单数名词或代词动词不定式短语 动名词短语或 从句作主语时 谓语动词一般用单数形式 主语为 复数时 谓语动词 用复数形式 His father is working on the farm To study English well is not easy Reading in the sun is bad for your e
12、yes What he said is very important for us all 由 what 引导的主语从句 后面的谓语动词多数情况用 单数形式 但若表语是复数或 what 从句是一个带有复 数意义的并列结构时 主句的谓语动词用复数形式 what I bought were three English books What I say and do is are helpful for you 学 海 无 涯 致 原 则 由连接词 and 或 both and 连接起来的主语后面 要用复数形式的谓语动词 但若所连接的两个词是 指同一个人或物 时 它后面的谓语就用单数形式 由 and
13、 连接的并 列单数主语前如果分别有 no each every 或 more than a an one many a an 修饰时 其谓语动词要 用单数形式 either neither each every 或 no 单数 名词和由 some any no every 构成的复合不定代词 都作单数看待 Lucy and Lily are twins The writer and artist has come Every student and every teach is in the classroom Many a boy and many a girl likes it No bo
14、y and no girl likes it Each of us has a new book Is everyone here today Somebody is speaking in class Everything around us is matter 若 none of 后面的名词是不可数名词 它的谓语动词就 要用单数 若它后面的名词是复数 它的谓语动词用单 数或复数都可以 None of the sugar was left None of us has have been to America 在定语从句里 关系代词 that who which 等作主语 时 其谓语动词的数
15、应与句中先行词的数一致 Those who want to go please write their names on the blackboard He is one of my friends who are working hard He is the only one of my friends who is working hard 在强调句型中应与被强调部分一致 It is I who am going to the cinema tonight It is we who are going to the cinema tonight 如果集体名词指的是整个集体 它的谓语动词用单
16、 数形式 如果它指的集体的成员 其谓语动词用复 数形式 The police are looking for the lost child The cattle are eating grass in the field His family has moved to the south 他的一家 His family are watching TV 他的家人 Class four is on the third floor 四班 Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor 四班的学 生 学 海 无 涯 由 a lot of lots of plenty of a heap of heaps of the rest of the majority of 名词构成的短语以及由分数 或百分数 名词构成的短语作主语时 其谓语动词的 数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定 There are a lot of people in the classroom Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea
