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1、怎样写大学英语图表式作文 图表式作文是四六级考试中较难的一种作文类型（2002年6月的考试便是一例）。它要求考生根据图表所给出的信息，写出所要表达主题的作文。图表式作文最大的特点是所给的信息表达很集中，给人以一目了然之感。图表式作文一般可分三段来写：第一段描述出图表反映的总情况，用能充分说明主题的典型数据来描写。第二段对数字进行仔细的分析比较，归纳出增减速率并找出产生变化的原因。第三段写读图表后的想法和评论，从而得出自己的结论。请看实例： Changes in Peoples Diet:foodYear19861987198819891990Grain49%47%46.5%45%45%Milk
2、10%11%11%12%13%Meat17%20%22.5%23%21%Fruit and vegetable24%22%20%20%21%Total100%100%100%100%100% Changes in Peoples Diet一文是1991年6月份四级考试作文题。实际上从此文表格的提示中不难把握文章的内涵和范围。根据三段法写作的原则，第一段阐述近6年来人们饮食上变化的总况（包括哪些需求的降低或增加）。第二段是文章的重点，着重说明变化的原因。从归纳出的原因中反映出了人们现在在经济实力提高的前提下更加注意科学的营养。第三段则从个人的理解得出结论，展示人们饮食结构的变化所带来的益处和光明
3、的前景，从而使主题思想更突出。 Changes in Peoples Diet As can be seen from the table, great changes took place in peoples diet from 1986 to 1990. The consumption of grain decreased year by year, while that of some high-energy food, such as milk and meat, increased steadily. Why were there changes in peoples diet?
4、There were two major reasons, I think. First, people could afford to buy more expensive food with better nutrition. Second, people paid more attention to the quality of their diet, because they knew it was of great benefit to their health to eat in a scientific way. Therefore, they were trying their
5、 best to improve the structure of their food. From the above, we can see that peoples living standard improved markedly in the five years between 1986-1990. And we can also expect that their life would be more prosperous in years to come.Changes in Peoples Diet Diet is very important in peoples life
6、 . From 1987 to 1990. peoples diet changed a lot . Grain was no longer regarded as the main food. And as the proportion of fruit and vegetables declined, the consumption of milk and meatincreased. What caused these changes? There are two reasons. One is that with the development of science, people b
7、egan to realize the importance of maintaining a balanced diet. The other is that people had more money to spend and could afford more expensive food. They tried to change their low-priced diet into a more varied one. They were eager to build up a strong body by improving their living standards. With
8、 the development of our economy and the improvement of our food supply, further changes will take place in peoples diet.例2Directions: Write a composition based on the charts of the average family expenses in the United Stated. The opening sentence is given and you are required to develop it into a f
9、ull composition.The opening sentence: The average family income in the United States increased from 12,000 dollars per year in 1980 to 16,000 dollars in 1985.The Average Family Expenses The average family income in the United States has increased from 12,000 dollars per year in 1980 to 16,000 dollar
10、s in 1985. In the meantime, the structure of the average family expenses has changed, too. These graphs show the change clearly. The biggest part of the average family expenses was housing. In 1980, the average family spent 25 percent of its income on housing. In 1985, expenses on housing rose to 32
11、 percent. Food and drink were the second biggest part of the average family expenses .In 1980, about 18% of the average income was spent on this item. In 1985, the figure grew to 22%. As a result of such increase in the expenses on housing and food, expenses on other items have been reduced from 57%
12、 in 1980 to 46% in 1985. Thus, a conclusion can be drawn that as income increases, people can improve their living step by step. But still the average family has to spend a large part of income to meet the essential needs.例3Health Gains in Developing Countries以下图为依据，描述发展中国家的期望寿命（life expectancy）和婴儿死
13、亡率（infant mortality）的变化情况。说明引起变化的种种原因。Life Expectancy Years oldInfant Mortality deaths per 1,000 births25080200601504010020 50 0 0 1960 1990 1960 1990这是一个“两段式”图表作文。段1要求描述“期望寿命”和“婴儿死亡率”的变化情况。首先要看懂图表中数字间的相关意义。两个图表中两组数字间的关系是不同的。在“期望寿命”变化图中，横坐标的数字是时间（从1960到1990年），纵坐标的数字是期望寿命。从图中矩形图的变化情况可以看出，在30年里，发展中国家的
14、“期望寿命”提高了20岁。在“婴儿死亡率”变化图中，横坐标还是表示时间（这就与左图有了可比性），而纵坐标的数字表示每1，000新生儿中的死亡率。从矩形图的变化趋势看，在30年里，发展中国家的“婴儿死亡率”从200降到了100。从上述对图表的观察，可以看出图表所反映的情况是，从1960到1990的30年中，发展中国家的“婴儿死亡率”下降了100个千分点，而“期望寿命”提高了20岁。那么发生这种变化的原因是什么呢？在段2中，要从社会的、经济的、文化的角度来分析各种可能的原因。因此，学生必须善于分析问题，思考问题，能够从现象中挖掘出问题的本质。如果平时在阅读中不注重分析能力的培养，课外阅读兴趣又十分
15、狭窄，那么反映到作文上，就是思维简单，分析表面化。就“婴儿死亡率”和“期望寿命”而言，应该可以从以下几个方面寻找原因：社会的：经济发展，生活水平提高，人的寿命增加。科学的：医疗技术进步，婴儿的健康得到进一步保障。文化的：文明程度的提高，使人们更加注意生活质量。通过上述分析，这篇图表作文的“发展提纲”就可以写出来了： the changes of life expectancy and infant mortality:the change of life expectancy: it has risen by 20 years old.the change of infant mortality: it has decreased by 100. the reasons for the great changes:the social and economical dev
