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1、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习 主语 subject 句子说明的人或事物 The sun rises in the east 名词 He likes dancing 代词 Twenty years is a short time in history 数词 Seeing is believing 动名词 To see is to believe 不定式 What he needs is a book 主语从句 It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree It 形式主语 主语从句是真正主 语 谓语 pre
2、dicate 说明主语的动作 状态和特征 We study English He is asleep 表语 predicative 系动词之后的成分 表示主语的性质 状态和特征 He is a teacher 名词 Seventy four You don t look it 代词 Five and five is ten 数词 He is asleep 形容词 His father is in 副词 The picture is on the wall 介词短语 My watch is gone missing lost 形容词化的分词 To wear a flower is to say
3、I m poor I can t buy a ring 不定式 The question is whether they will come 表语从句 常见的系动词有 be sound 听起来 look 看起来 feel 摸起来 smell 闻起来 taste 尝 吃起来 remain 保持 仍是 feel 感觉 It sounds a good idea The sound sounds strange Her voice sounds sweet Tom looks thin The food smells delicious The food tastes good The door r
4、emains open Now I feel tired 宾语 1 动作的承受者 动宾 I like China 名词 He hates you 代词 How many do you need We need two 数词 We should help the old and the poor I enjoy working with you 动名词 I hope to see you again 不定式 Did you write down what he said 宾语从句 2 介词后的名词 代词和动名词 介宾 Are you afraid of the snake Under the s
5、now there are many rocks 3 双宾语 间宾 指人 和直宾 指物 He gave me a book yesterday Give the poor man some money 宾补 对宾语的补充 全称为宾语补足语 We elected him monitor 名词 We all think it a pity that she didn t come here 名 We will make them happy 形容词 We found nobody in 副词 Please make yourself at home 介词短语 Don t let him do th
6、at 省 to 不定式 His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson 带 to 不定式 Don t keep the lights burning 现在分词 I ll have my bike repaired 过去分词 主补 对主语的补充 He was elected monitor She was found singing in the next room He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson 定语 修饰或限制名词或代词的词 词组或句子 Ai Yanling is a ch
7、emistry teacher 名词 He is our friend 代词 We belong to the third world 数词 He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson 形容 词 The man over there is my old friend 副词 The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister 介 词 The boys playing football are in Class 2 现在分词 The trees planted last year are growing we
8、ll now 过去分词 I have an idea to do it well 不定式 You should do everything that I do 定语从句 状语 用来修饰v adj adv or 句子 表示时间 地点 原因 目的 结果 程度 条件 方式和让步 以下例句按上述顺序排列 I will go there tomorrow The meeting will be held in the meetingroom The meat went bad because of the hot weather He studies hard to learn English well
9、 He didn t study hard so that he failed in the exam I like some of you very much If you study hard you will pass the exam He goes to school by bike Though he is young he can do it well 句子结构 简单句的五个基本句型 主语 不及物动词She came My head aches 主语 及物动词 宾语She likes English 主语 系动词 主语补语She is happy 主语 双宾动词 间接宾语 直接宾
10、语She gave John a book She bought a book for me 主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语She makes her mother angry The teacher asked me to read the passage There be There lies a book on the desk Exercises 分析下列句子成分 1 Our school is not far from my home 2 It is a great pleasure to talk with you 3 All of us considered him honest
11、 4 My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes 5 He broke a piece of glass 6 He made it clear that he would leave the city 7 I love you more than her child 8 Tees turn green when spring comes 9 They pushed the door open 10 Grandma told me an interesting story last night 11 He wrote carefully som
12、e letters to his friends 12 All the students think highly of his teaching 13 We need a place twice larger than this one 14 He asked us to sing an English song 15 Don t get nervous help yourself to what you like 16 We will make our school more beautiful 17 He didn t come That is why he didn t know 18
13、 She showed us her many of her pictures 19 The old man lives a lonely life 20 Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town 21 The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany 22 There are so many people in the hall that it s hard for me to find him 23 No matter how difficu
14、lt the task may be we must fulfil it this month 24 Go back where you came from 25 We must do whatever the people want us to do 26 At last he got home tired and hungry 27 Would you please pass me the cup 28 Mary handed her homework to the teacher 29 Do you know the latest news about him 30 I ll get m
15、y hair cut tomorrow 翻译练习 主谓结构 主语 不及物动词 1 你应当努力学习 2 她昨天回家很晚 3 那天早上我们谈了很多 4 会议将持续两个小时 5 在过去的十年里 我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化 6 这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生 7 1919 年 在北京爆发了 五 四 运动 8 每天八时开始上课 9 这个盒子重五公斤 10 五年前我住在北京 主谓宾结构 主语 及物动词 宾语 1 昨晚我写了一封信 2 今天下午我想同你谈谈 3 这本书他读过多次了 4 他们成功地完成了计划 5 你们必须在两周内看完这些书 6 那位先生能流利地说三种语言 7 我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信
16、8 Jim 还不会自己穿衣服 9 我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩 10 他不知道说什麽好 主系表结构 主语 系动词 表语 1 我的兄弟都是大学生 2 冬季白天短 夜晚长 3 布朗夫人看起来很健康 4 十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了 5 孩子们 请保持安静 6 这本书是有关美国历史的书 7 她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童 8 他失业了 9 树叶已经变黄了 10 这个报告听起来很有意思 双宾语结构 主语 双宾动词 间接宾语 直接宾语 1 Johnson 先生去年教我们德语 2 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事 3 Mary 把钱包交给校长了 4 请把那本字典递给我好吗 5 他把车票给列车员看 6 这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了 7 我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车 8 Robinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船 9 请你给我弄一本新的 好吗 10 我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗 复合宾语结构 主语 动词 宾语 宾语补足语 1 我们叫她Alice 2 他的父母给他取名为John 3 我们大家都认为他是诚实的 4 他们把门推开了 5 他们把小偷释放了 6 我们要使学校变得更美丽 7 他请我
