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1、学海无涯上海高考英语题型训练 阅读理解C2020高三第一学期期末质量抽查SectionBDirections Readthefollowingthreepassage Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA B CandD Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread C 松江Thenewspapermustprov
2、ideforthereaderthefacts pure unprejudiced objectivelyselectedfacts Butinthesedaysofcomplexnewsitmustprovidemere itmustsupplyinterpretation themeaningofthefacts ThisisaveryimportantassignmentfacingAmericanjournalists一tomakecleartothereadertheproblemsoftheday tomakeinternationalnewsunderstandableascom
3、munitynews torecognizethatthereisnolongeranysuchthingas local news becauseanyeventintheinternationalareahasalocalreactioninthefinancialmarket politicalcircles interms indeed ofourverywayoflife Thereisinjournalismawidespreadviewthatwhenyoustartaninterpretation youareenteringdangerouswaters therushing
4、tidesofopinion Thisisnonsense Theopponentsofinterpretationinsistthatthewriterandtheeditorshalllimitthemselvestothe facts Thisinsistenceraisestwoquestions Whatarethefacts Arethebarefactsenough Asforthefirstquestion considerhowaso called factual storyconicsabout Thereportercollects say fiftyfacts outo
5、fthesefifty hisspacebeingnecessarilyrestricted heselectsthetenwhichheconsidersmostimportant ThisisJudgmentNumberOne Thenheorhiseditordecideswhichofthesetenfactsshallmakeupthebeginningofthearticle whichisanimportantdecisionbecausemanyreadersdonotproceedbeyondthefirstparagraph ThisisJudgmentNumberTwo
6、Thentherighteditordetermineswhetherthearticleshallbepresentedonpageone whereithasalargeinfluence oronpagetwentyfour whereithaslittle JudgmentNumberThree Thusinthepresentationofaso called factual or objective story atleastthreejudgmentsareinvolved Andtheyarejudgmentsnotatallunlikethoseinvolvedininter
7、pretation inwhichreportersandeditors callingupontheirresearchresources theirgeneralbackground andtheir newsneutralism arriveataconclusionastothesignificanceofthenews Thetwoareasofjudgment presentationofthenewsanditsinterpretation arcbothobjectiveandsubjectiveprocesses Ifaneditorisdeterminedtogiveapr
8、ejudicedviewofthenews hecandoitinotherwaysandmoreeffectivelythanbyinterpretation Hecandoitbytheselectionofthosefactsthatsupporthisparticularviewpoint Orhecandoitbytheplacehegivesastory一promotingittopageoneordraggingittopagethirty Accordingtothefirstparagraph whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE Ifare
9、portermakesclearthefactshewrites hewillnodoubtgetintotrouble Journalistsmustselectfactsobjectivelytomakecurrenteventscleartothe 学海无涯readers ThemostimportanttaskofreportersisIoprovideunprejudicedfactsforthereaders Forreporters interpretationoffactsisnolessimportantthanpresentationofthefacts Thebeginn
10、ingofthearticleshouldpresentthemostimportantfactbecause itwillinfluencethereadertocontinuemostreadersreadonlythefirstparagraphitdetailsthegeneralattitudeofthewriterit sthebestwaytowriteaccordingtotheschoolsofjournalismWhereastoryispresentedinanewspapershows theeditor sprejudicethereporter sbackgroun
11、dthestory sfactualmatterthestory seffectonthereaders66 Whichofthefollowingcanbestexpresstheauthor sattitudetowardobjectiveness Objectivenessiscontrolledbyeditorsratherthanwriters Properlychoosingfactspreparesasolidgroundforobjectiveness Hedoesn tthinkthereexistscompleteobjectivenessinnewswriting Tom
12、akeclearthenewsisawaytobeobjectiveandresponsibleforthereaders 黄浦Riskissomethingwefacedaily However somepeopleareobviouslymorewillingtotakerisksthanothers Biologistsappeartohavediscoveredaphysicalreasonthatexplainswhysomepeoplearerisk takers Dopamineisaneurotransmitter achemicalthatspreadssignalsbetw
13、eennervecells Itislinkedtothebrainsrewardsystemandisthechemicalthatmakesusfeelgood andscientistsbelieveittobeinkedtorisk taking Ournervecellshavedopaminereceptors 接收器 whichcontroltheamountofdopaminethateachcellreceives Butnotallreceptorsmaybeactive Whenapersonhadfewactivereceptorstocontroltheamounto
14、fdopaminethatisreceived acellcanbecomefloodedresultinginanextremefeelingofhappiness ResearchersatVanderbiltUniversityandAlbertEinsteinCollegeofMedicineasked34menandwomentocompleteaquestionnaireabouttheirrisktakingtoassesswhethertheyseeknewopportunitiesorarecautiousinlife Theresultsoftheresearchwerec
15、onsistentwithsimilarstudiescarriedoutwithrats andhadthesameoutcome Itconcludedthatpeoplewhoarerisk takershavefewerdopaminereceptorsthanpeoplewhoarenot Thissuggeststhattherushofpleasurearisktakerreceiveswhenacellbecomesfloodedwithdopaminecanbecomeaddictiveforsomepeople Theythereforepursuenewandexciti
16、ngactivitiesinordertotrytorepeatthisfeeling andasaresulttheirconcernforriskbecomesconsiderablereduced Dopaminegivesusabiologicalreasonforrisk taking butscientistsbelievetheremaybepsychologicalreasonstoo Sensation seekingisapersonality 学海无涯characteristicthatdescribesthedesiretofindactivitiesthatbringuspleasure In1964 psychologistMarvinZuckermancreatedthesensation seekingscale His40 itemquestionnaire stillusedtoday wasgiventopeoplewhowereactiveinseekingnewactivities andtopeoplewhoweremoresatisfied
