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1、训练您对免疫学词汇的理解 TerminologyofMedicalImmunology 北京意宏安生物科技有限公司2003 6 1 说明 本幻灯上的免疫学词汇为学生必须掌握的基本专业词汇词汇解释来源 英文名词后标点符号为句点 者源于欧美经典教科书 IvanRoitt等的Immunology及Stites等的MedicalImmunology 英文名词后标点符号为冒号 者源于医学数据检索系统Medline的主题词 Thesaurus 的定义 TermDefinition 作为考试中的名词解释 前者太简单 主要应参考后者并结合教材综合答题 物质性名词的解释一般英包括3部分内容 来源 分布 化学本质
2、 功能 意义 Antigen Antigen Amoleculewhichreactswithpreformed 预先形成 antibodyandthespecificreceptorsonTandBcells Antigens Substancesthatarerecognizedbytheimmunesystemandinduceanimmunereaction Epitopes Epitopes 表位 Thepartsofanantigenwhichcontacttheantigen bindingsitesofanantibodyortheT cellreceptor Epitopes
3、orAntigenicDeterminants Sitesonanantigenthatinteractwithspecificantibodies Superantigens Superantigens AntigenswhichstimulateclonesofTcellswhichhavedifferentantigenspecificity butwhichusethesameTCRVgenes Superantigens Microbialantigensthathaveincommonanextremelypotent 有力的 activatingeffectonT cellsth
4、atbearaspecificvariableregion Superantigenscross linkthevariableregionwithclassIIMHCproteinsregardlessofthepeptidebindingintheT cellreceptor spocket Theresultisatransient 短暂 expansionandsubsequentdeathandanergy 无反应 oftheT cellswiththeappropriatevariableregions T dependent T independentAntigens T dep
5、endentantigensrequireimmunerecognitionbybothTandBcellstoproduceanimmuneresponse T independentantigenscandirectlystimulateBcellstoproducespecificantibody Antibody Antibody Amoleculeproducedbyanimalsinresponsetoantigenwhichhastheparticularpropertyofcombiningspecificallywiththeantigenwhichinduceditsfor
6、mation Antibodies Immunoglobulinmoleculeshavingaspecificaminoacidsequencebyvirtueof 依靠 whichtheyinteractonlywiththeantigenthatinducedtheirsynthesisincellsofthelymphoidseries especiallyPLASMACELLS orwithanantigencloselyrelatedtoit Allotype Allotype 同种异型 Theproteinofanallele 等位基因 whichmaybedetectablea
7、sanantigenbyanothermemberofthesamespecies 种 ImmunoglobulinAllotypes Hereditaryserologictypesbasedonantigenicdifferencesinthelightandheavychainsofimmunoglobulinsduetoallelicgenesinthegeneloci 位点 coding 编码 thechains TheInvsystemappliestothekappalightchains theGmsystemappliestotheheavychainsofIgG Antib
8、odyDiversity AntibodyDiversity 多样性 Thephenomenonofimmensevariabilitycharacteristicofantibodies whichenablestheimmunesystemtoreactspecificallyagainsttheessentiallyunlimitedkindsofANTIGENSitencounters 遇到 Cdomains Cdomains 区域 TheconstantdomainsofantibodyandtheT cellreceptor Thesedomainsdonotcontributet
9、otheantigen bindingsiteandshowrelativelylittlevariabilitybetweenreceptormolecules Constant 恒定 regions Therelativelyinvariant 不变 partsofimmunoglobulinheavyandlightchains andthealpha beta gammaanddeltachainsofTheT cellreceptor Hypervariableregion Hypervariableregion ThemostvariableareasoftheVdomainsof
10、immunoglobulinandT cellreceptorchains TheseregionsareclusteredatthedistalportionoftheVdomainandcontributetotheantigen bindingsite Idiotype Idiotype TheantigeniccharacteristicoftheVregionofanantibody ImmunoglobulinIdiotypes Unique geneticallycontrolleddeterminantspresentonantibodieswhosespecificityis
11、limitedtoasinglegroupofproteins e g anotherantibodymoleculeoranindividualmyelomaprotein Theidiotypeappearstorepresenttheantigenicityoftheantigen bindingsiteoftheantibodyandtobegeneticallycodeterminedwithit TheidiotypicdeterminantshavebeenpreciselylocatedtotheimmunoglobinVARIABLEREGIONofbothimmunoglo
12、binpolypeptidechains ImmuneSera Serumthatcontainsantibodies Itisobtainedfromananimalthathasbeenimmunizedeitherbyantigeninjectionorinfectionwithmicroorganismscontainingtheantigen Immunoglobulinsupergenefamily IgSF Moleculeswhichhavedomainshomologous 同源 tothoseseeninimmunoglobulins includingMHCclassIa
13、ndIImolecules theT cellreceptor CD2 CD3 CD4 CD5 ICAMs VCAMandsomeoftheFcreceptors MonoclonalAntibodies Antibodiesproducedbyclonesofcellssuchasthoseisolatedafterhybridization 杂交 ofactivatedBlymphocyteswithneoplastic 瘤 cells Thesehybrids 杂合物 areoftenreferredtoashybridomas 杂交瘤 Hybridoma Celllinecreated
14、invitrobyfusingtwodifferentcelltypes usuallylymphocytes oneofwhichisatumourcell Opsonization Aprocessbywhichphagocytosis 吞噬作用 isfacilitated 促进 bythedeposition 沉积 ofopsonins 调理素 e g antibodyandC3b ontheantigen Complement Aheat sensitivecomplexsysteminfreshhumanandotherserawhich incombinationwithantib
15、odies isimportantinthehostdefensemechanismagainstinvadingorganisms Atleast20distinct 不同 serumproteinsoperatewithinthecomplementsystem Alternativepathway TheactivationpathwaysofthecomplementsysteminvolvingC3andfactorsB D P HandI whichinteractinthevicinity 邻近 ofanactivatorsurfacetoformanalternativepat
16、hwayC3convertase 转化酶 ThecomplementactivationsequenceinitiatedbytheactivationofcomplementfactorC3 whichistriggered 触发 bytheinteractionofmicrobialpolysaccharides 多糖 andproperdin 备解素 withoutparticipationofanantigen antibodyreaction Amplificationloop Thealternativecomplementactivationpathway whichactsasapositivefeedbackloopwhenC3issplit 分裂 inthepresenceofanactivatorsurface C3convertases TheenzymecomplexesC3b 3bandC4b2athatcleavecomplementC3 Theenzymewhichinboththeclassicalandalternatecomplementpathw
