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1、 PointofView PointofView观点 Theangle perspectivefromwhichthestoryistold Narrator叙述者 Storyteller Thecharacter voicethattellsthestory Pointofviewdependsontwofactors Physicalsituationofthenarratorasanobserver Speaker sintellectualandemotionalposition 观点 有些东西能为我所见 有些东西则不能 在事件中 没有一个人能说出全貌 却都提供了别人所缺少的部分 作者
2、的任务是找出最适合于他要述说之故事的观点 KindsofPointofView 1 Third PersonPointofView narratorasnon participant Narratoroutsidetheactiondescribestheevents Third PersonPointofViewOmniscient all knowing Withthispointofview an all knowing narratorfirmlyimposeshispresencebetweenthereaderandthestory andretainscompletecontro
3、loverthenarrative Thenarratorisnotacharacterinthestorybutcantellyouthethoughtsandactionsofallcharactersatalltimes Pronouns he she him her they them etc Advantage Theflexibilitygivenbythe all knowing narratorcandirectthereader sattentionandcontrolthesourcesofinformation Third PersonPointofViewLimited
4、 limitedtoonecharacter sthought Withthispointofview thenarratorlimitshisabilitytopenetratethemindsofcharactersbyselectingasinglecharactertoactasthecenterofrevelation DramaticPointofView strictlyreporting Inthispointofview thenarratordisappearscompletelyandthestoryisallowedtopresentitselfdramatically
5、throughactionanddialogue Advantage Withthedisappearanceofthenarrator tellingisreplacedbyshowing andtheillusioniscreatedthatthereaderisadirectandimmediatelywitnesstoanunfoldingdrama 2 First PersonPointofView NarratorasParticipant Inthispointofview thenarratorappearsinthenovelas I or me andsharestheli
6、mitationsofthirdpersonlimited NarratorasMajorCharacter NarratorasMinorCharacter Advantage Byassumingtheidentityas I thenarratorendearshimselftothereaderwhilehehastosacrificetheprivilegeofomniscience Thenarratorstandsinsidethestoryandrelatesfirsthandexperience whichcancreateafeelingofintimacy Analyzi
7、ngNarrator Ishe shereliableorunreliable Ifthenarratoriscrazy jealous self serving mistaken confused etc thenthereadermayquestionsthereliabilityofthestoryhe sheistelling 2 Isthenarratoraparticipatingcharacter oristhenarratortellingthestoryfromanomniscientpointofview 3 Isthenarratorna ve Thereadercans
8、eethatthenarrator sbackgroundlimitshis herabilitytounderstandasituation 全知全能的叙事观点 叙事者对每一件事都能了然 他能随意进入任何人物的内心深处 并直接告诉读者 某一小说人物正在想些什么 通常是以第三人称法叙事 其优点是具有高度弹性 缺点是在训练不足的作家手中 可能会使作品倾向于松散而凌乱 有限制的叙事观点 其叙述者所知有限 他可能是小说中的人物 以第一人称 我 的方式去叙事 也可能置身于小说之外 以第三人称叙事 戏剧式观点 前两者或以小说外的导演口吻来布局 或以剧中人的 我 来道出亲身经历 都是有一个操纵者或摄影者
9、但戏剧式观点是根本没有明显的观看者 完全借着对话 行动 让小说中的人物自己演出 是极为客观的一种叙述法 Haircut InHaircutRingLardnertellsastoryaboutanawfulman butthroughtheeyesofWhitey thetownbarber WhiteyhasanunusualpointofviewaboutJim WhiteyseesJimKendell themaincharacter as comical 101 and kindofrough butagoodfellaatheart 101 WheninrealityWhiteydi
10、dnotseeJimforwhathereallywas aheartless cheating vindictiveman WhiteybelieveshetellingastoryabouthisfriendJim whowithhisbuddyHodMeyers usedtokeepthistowninanuproar 101 InfactWhiteywastellingastoryaboutsomeofthehorribleandmischievouspranksJimwouldpullonsomeofthetownspeople Whiteyseemstobeanunreliablenarrator Whitey evenbeingmoreofatowngossipthenabarber cannotgetthestorystraightonJimKendell
