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1、学海无涯 Friendship grammar 学案学案 人教版新课标人教版新课标 必修一必修一 unit 直接引语变间接引语直接引语变间接引语 引述别人的话有两种方式 一是使用引号引出人家的原话 这叫做直接引语 一是用自己的 话把人家的话转述出来 这叫做间接引语 例如 John said I m going to London with my father 约翰说 我要和父亲到伦敦去 引号内是直接引语 John said that he was going to London with his father 约翰说 他要和他父亲去伦敦 宾语从句是间接引语 如何变人称 下面有一句顺口溜 一随主
2、 二随宾 第三人称不更新 一随主 是指在直接引语变间接引 语时 如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰 从句中的人称要按照主句中主语 的人称变化如 She said My brother wants to go with me She said her brother wanted to go with her 二随宾 是指直接引语变间接引语时 若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称 或被第二人你所 修饰 从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致 如果引号外的主句没有宾语 也可以用 第一人称 如 He said to Kate How is your sister now He asked Kat
3、e how her sister was then 第三人称不更新 是指直接引语变间接引语时 如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第 三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如 Mr Smith said Jack is a good worker Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker 二 如何变时态 直接引语在改为间接引语时 时态需要做相应的调整 现在时它需改为过去时态 过去时态改为完成时 过去完成时则保留原来的时态 如 1 She said I have lost a pen She said she had lost a pen 2 She said W
4、e hope so She said they hoped so 3 She said He will go to see his friend She said he would go to see his friend 但要注意在以下几种情况下 在直接引语变为间接引语时 时态一般不变化 直接引语是客观真理 The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth the teacher told me The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and th
5、e moon moves around the earth 直接引语是过去进行时 时态不变 如 Jack said John where were you going when I met you in the street Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street 直接引语中有具体的过去某年 某月 某日作状语 变为间接引语时 时态不变 如 Xiao Wang said I was born on April 2l 1980 Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20 19
6、80 直接引语如果是一般现在时 表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作 变间接引语 时态不变 如 He said I get up at six every morning He said he gets up at six every morning 如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式 例 ought to had better used to 和已经 是过去时的形式时 例 could should would might 不再变 如 Peter said You had better come have today Peter said I had better go there that
7、day 三 如何变状语 学海无涯 直接引语变间接引语 状语变化有其内在规津 时间状语由 现在 改为 原来 例 now 变 为 then yesterday 变为 the day before 地点状语 尤其表示方向性的 或用指示代词修饰 的状语 由 此 改为 彼 例 this 改为 that 如 He said These books are mine He said those books were his 四 如何变句型 直接引语如果是陈述句 间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句 如 She said Our bus will arrive in five minutes She sai
8、d that their bus would arrive in five minutes 直接引语如果是反意疑问句 选择疑问句或一般疑问句 间接引语应改为由 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句 如 He said Can you swim John He asked John if he could swim You have finished the homework haven t you my mother asked My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework Do you go to school by bus
9、 or by bike He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike 直接引语如果是特殊问句 间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句 宾 语从句必须用陈述句语序 She asked me When do they have their dinner She asked me when they had their dinner 直接引语如果是祈使句 间接引语应改为 tell ask order beg 等 sb not to do sth 句型 如 Don t make any noise she said to the chi
10、ldren She told ordered the children not to make any noise Bring me a cup of tea please said she She asked him to bring her a cup of tea 直接引语如果是以 Let s 开头的祈使句 变为间接引语时 通常用 suggest 动句词 或 从句 如 He said Let s go to the film He suggested going to the film 或 He suggested that they should go to see the film
11、附 相应的变化 表示时间的词 now then today that day this week month etc that week month etc yesterday the day before last week month the week month before three days a year ago three days a year before tomorrow the next following day next week month the next following week month 指示代词 This that these those 表地点的词
12、here there 动词 bring take come go 语法练习 将所给直接引语变为间接引语 每空一词 1 I never eat meat he said He said that never meat 2 I ve found my wallet he said to me He me that he wallet 3 I took it home with me she said She said that it home with her 4 The teacher said The sun rises in the east and goes down in the wes
13、t The teacher said that the sun in the east and down in the west 5 I met her yesterday he said to me He me that he met the day 6 You must come here before five he said He said that I to go before five 7 I bought the house 10 years ago he said He said that he bought the house 10 years 8 Did you see h
14、er last week he said He I had seen her the week 9 He said You can sit here Jim He Jim that he sit there 学海无涯 10 He asked How did you find it mother He asked her mother found it 11 Where have you been these days he asked He asked me been days 12 Do you know where she lives he asked He asked knew wher
15、e she 13 Stop making so much noise children he said He the children making so much noise 14 Don t tell him the news she said She told me him the news 15 Are you intested in this he said He I was interestd in 参考答案 1 he ate 2 told had his 3 she had taken 4 rise goes 5 told had before 6 had there 7 had before 8 asked if whether before 9 told could 10 how she had 11 where I had those 12 if whether I lived 13 told to stop 14 not to tell 15 asked if whether that
