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1、学海无涯 Book 5 Unit 1 Great Scientists 预习学案预习学案 一 目标聚焦 1 了解著名医生约翰 斯诺 钱学森 哥白尼等科学家 2 学会使用表示描述人物的句型 3 学习过去分词作定语和表语的结构 二 走进课文 1 Read the passage and number these events in the order that they happened John Snow began to test two theories An outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854 John Snow marked the deaths
2、 on a map He announced that the water carried the disease John Snow investigated two streets where the outbreak was very severe King Cholera was defeated He found that most of the deaths were near a water pump He had the handle removed from the water pump 2 Read the passage and answer these question
3、s John Snow believed Idea 2 was right How did he finally prove it Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without map give a reason Cholera was a 19th century disease what disease do you think is similar to cholera today why 三 句式点击 1 With this extra evidence John Snow was able to annou
4、nce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus with this extra evidence 有了这个额外的证据 with certainty 肯定地 有把握地 在句中作状语 相当于副词 that 引导宾语从句 polluted 过去分词作定语 2 So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak terrified 过去分词作定语 every time 短语充当连词作用 还有 the moment minute secon
5、d the first second last time immediately instantly directly eg The first time I went abroad I could hardly understand what the foreigners said The moment I saw him I knew what had happened 3 It seemed that the water was to blame be 动词不定式 可以表示该做或不该做的事 be to blame 应该负责 应受责备 eg No one is to leave this
6、building without the permission of the police You are not to drop litter in this park 公园里不许乱丢垃圾 Who is to blame for the fire Who is to be responsible for this 学海无涯 4 Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense only 加状语放于句首时 主句用部分倒装 eg Only a week later
7、did I receive an answer from her Only when you are forty and looking back will you realize that you haven t done your best 拓展 only if 可译为 只有 eg Only if you study hard will you pass the test Make a call only if it is important 5 The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air To prevent this f
8、rom happening again John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined suggest 当暗示 表明时 从句用陈述语气 当建议讲时 从句用虚拟语气 should do eg I suggested that he give up smoking 四 语法分析 过去分词作定语和表语 课文原句 He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London But he became inspi
9、red when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera 过去分词作定语 意义 过去分词含有被动和完成的意思 不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成 a broken heart a ploughed field a risen sun 已升起的太阳 位置 单个的过去分词作定语时 通常放在所修饰词前 过去分词短语作定语时 通常放在 后面 polluted water death caused by the accident a broken glass a glass broken by the boy 特别提示 有些词像
10、 left 剩下的 given 所给的 concerned 有关的 等 习惯上作后置定语 如 standing room left the people concerned 有关人士 the book given 所给的书籍 当所修饰的词是由 some any nothing nobody 所构成的不定代词或指示代词 those 等时 通常放在其后 如 There has been nothing changed since I left Harbin two years ago 区别 过去分词作定语和现在分词作定语 语态不同 现在分词表示主动 过去分词表被动 如 surprising new
11、s surprised listeners an exciting movie excited children The teacher told his students a lot of interesting stories She is interested in Chinese 学海无涯 时间关系上不同 现在分词表动作正在进行 过去分词表动作已经完成 如 the changing world 正在发生变化的世界 the changed world 已经改变了的世界 boiling water boiled water developing countries developed co
12、untries 过去分词作表语 意义 用在系动词后面 构成系表结构 表示主语所处的状态 如 she looked disappointed we were encouraged at the news 用于被动语态 表示主语所承受的动作 如 the book is well written the lake is badly polluted 五 单词 短语突破 1 Characteristic n adj n 特征 特性 What characteristics distinguish the Americans and Canadians 特有的 典型的 With the Characte
13、ristic generosity he offered to buy tickets for all of us 2 conclude vt vi 结束 推论出 议定 决定 常用于以下结构 conclude with sth 用 结束某事 conclude sth from sth 从 推断出 conclude to do sth 决定做某事 conclude that clause 决定 拓展 conclusion draw a conclusion 得出结论 make a conclusion 得出结论 bring to a conclusion 使结束 谈定买卖等 come to th
14、e conclusion that 所得到的结论 arrive at come to reach a conclusion 得出结论 告一段落 in conclusion to conclude 最后 总之 attend vt 照顾 护理 出席 参加 I have to attend my sick son will you attend the meeting tomorrow expose vt 显露 暴露 揭露 She exposed a set of perfect white teeth when she smiled The soil was washed away by the
15、flood exposing the bare rock expose to He exposed his skin to the sun cure n vt 治愈 痊愈 n there is still no cure for the common cold 学海无涯 治疗 治愈 vt Can you cure me of my cold When I left hospital I was completely cured absorb vt 吸引 吸收 使专心 Black clothing absorbs light The task absorbed all his energies
16、be absorbed in absorb oneself in 全神贯注于 The old man was utterly absorbed in the book instruct vt 命令 指示 教导 the manager instructed us about our duties on the first day he doesn t instruct us where to go 派生词 instruction n 指导 指令 instructions n 说明 操作指南 link to 将 和 连接或联系起来 常用被动语态表示状态 The island is linked to the mainland by a new bridge Heart disease can be linked to smoking 拓展 join to 把 和 连接起来 connect with 将 和 连接
