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1、An Analysis of Literal Translation and Free Translation试析直译与意译中文摘要直译和意译是最基本的两种翻译方法。直译可以最大限度保持原文的内容和原文的形式，而意译则不同。意译只保留了原文的内容，而形式是多种多样的，它是一种更为灵活的翻译技巧。直译和意译在翻译中是相辅相成的，要在实际翻译中掌握这两种翻译技巧，译者必须懂得两者之间的差异，并不断在实践中熟悉、运用这些技巧；同时还要扩大知识面，了解英汉的语言文化从而更好的实现翻译的等对关系。本文借用了一些典型例子，从不同的角度试分析比较直译和意译之间的特点、差异及在实际中的运用。本文由四章组成。第
2、一章为引言，简单介绍了直译和意译的定义，并给出一些简单的例子。第二章为直译和意译的比较分析，重点介绍了两者的特点。第三章为直译和意译的应用。第四章为结论部分，概括了全文要点，对直译和意译的翻译策略提出研究建议，以及我从本次研究中学到的东西。关键词: 直译；意译；特点；应用An Analysis of Literal Translation and Free TranslationAbstractLiteral translation and free translation are two basic methods of translation. Literal translation ca
3、n keep the original meaning and original form, but free translation is different. Free translation only retains original meaning. It is a more flexible skill that includes various forms. Literal translation and free translation goes hand in hand during the process of translation. To grasp both metho
4、ds in the actual translation, a translator must understand the difference between literal translation and free translation, applying these two skills in practice. As well as accumulate extensive knowledge about translation of English-Chinese language and culture so as to achieve equivalence transfor
5、mation. By using some typical examples, this thesis compares the characteristics, application and makes contrastive studies of literal translation and free translation through different aspects.Key words: literal translation; free translation; characteristic; applicationContentsIntroduction1Chapter
6、1 Two basic methods translation21.1 The definition of literal translation21.2 The definition of free translation21.3 Literal translation is not stiff and free translation is not random3Chapter 2 Studies of literal translation and free translation62.1 The characters of literal translation62.2 The cha
7、racters of free translation6Chapter 3 Application of literal translation and free translation83.1 How to apply literal translation correctly83.2 When to apply free translation103.3 Take the proper method in different circumstances113.3.1 The application of literal translation and free translation in
8、 proverb113.3.2 The application of literal translation and free translation in idiom13Conclusion16Bibliography18Acknowledgement1919IntroductionIn order to exchange ideas among different nations, translation is an absolutely necessary way. Translation is the language practical activity which uses a k
9、ind of language form to re-represent the content of another kind of language form. (翻译是一种语言形式把另一种语言形式里的内容重新表现出来的语言实践活动。出自冯庆华实用翻译教程上海外语教育出版社 2005) Literal translation and free translation are two basic ways of translation. We lay stress on how to handle two different kinds of language, and which way
10、of translation is better to use to translate a sentence. We know different nationalities have different cultural traditions and different lifestyle, so there are various differences in language expression. Before we translate, we should know well their cultural background and expression habits. We o
11、ften make our choice in these aspects: the meaning of original language, the construction and the way of expression. Literal translation keeps the original meaning, so as free translation. But free translation retains more forms and makes article more vividly. Sometimes we use literal translation an
12、d sometimes we use free translation. If we want to make the translation perfect, we should command both literal translation and free translation flexibility. Chapter 1 Two basic methods translation1.1 The definition of literal translationLiteral translation refers to translate a sentence originally,
13、 keeping the original forms, including construction of sentences, meaning of the original words, and metaphor of the original and so on. It can not only reproduce the meaning and frame of language, but also keep its vivid image figure of speech and novel and unique expressive ways so that readers ca
14、n comprehend the origins literal grace.For example: The winter morning was clear as crystal. The sunrise burned red in a pure sky, the shadow on the rim of the woodland were darkly blue, and beyond the white and scintillating fields patches of far off for forest hung like smoke.Literal translation:
15、冬天的早晨水晶般明澈。纯净的东边天上朝日烧的通红，林子边上的影子时暗蓝色，隔着那耀眼的白茫茫的天野远处的森林像挂在半空中的烟云。（出自刘建芳浅谈直译与意译内蒙古教育学院报 1998年9月第3期)This translation keeps the original form and meaning totally. It comes out the authors writing style and transfer the source language to target language perfectly. 1.2 The definition of free translationF
16、ree translation means a method of making the target text smooth and perfect .On the basis of them, places of word and constructions of sentence have to be almost changed to suit real meanings of original text.For example: Its an ill wind that blows nobody good.Free translation: 对于某些人有害的事可能对于另外一些人有好处。（出自王转直译与意译漫谈湖南教育
