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1、语法专题Module 1简单句：由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成。一. 五种基本句型：1 主语系动词表语 （S+V+P）He is happy.2 主语不及物动词（状语） ( S+V ) He is swimming.3 主语及物动词宾语（状语） ( S+V+O ) I saw him just now.4 主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语 ( S+V+IO+DO ) She lent me a bike, 主语及物动词直接宾语间接宾语 ( S+V+DO+IO ) She lent a bike to me.5 主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语 ( S+V+O+OC) The goo
2、d news made us happy.二. 练习：写出下列句子的基本成分。1 He likes music very much.2 The soup tastes salty.3 She works very hard.4 My teacher asked me to come a little earlier next time.5 My father bought me a computer.Module 2宾语从句：是一个复合句，复合句也称主从句，即主句和从句。1. 定义：在句子充当宾语的从句如：He says that he is going to the cinema.The t
3、eacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.2. 结构：（1）主句+that+从句（that没有意义,可省略）（2）主句+if/ whetheror not （是否）+从句（3）主句+疑问词（what，where，how，why）+从句如：I believe （that） we will become good friends.我相信我们会成为好朋友。He asks whether/ if we will go fishing on Sunday.他问周日我们是否会出去钓鱼。I understand why they like compu
4、ter games so much.我理解他们为什么如此喜欢电脑游戏。3. 时态：（1）主句是一般现在时，从句可以是任何时态。I hear that Peter bought a new computer yesterday.(主句用一般现在时，从句用过去时)Tom wants to know what his brother will do next Sunday.（主句用一般现在时，从句用将来时）The little girl can show me where she lives.(主句用一般现在时，从句也用一般现在时)2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用过去的某种时态如：D
5、avid told me that he was very tired.（主句用一般过去过去时，从句也用过去时）3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：如：The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.（主句用一般过去时，从句用现在时）如何改为宾语从句（三关）1. 引导词关陈述句，引导词用that（that在口语或非正式文体中常省略）；一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether；特殊疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。2. 语序关陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：He is a
6、n honest boy. The teacher said. The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如：Does he work hard？I wonder.I wonder if/whether he works hard.When did he leave？I dont know. I dont know when he left.3. 时态关如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如：注意：如果宾语从句表述
7、的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。练习题1. Miss Green didnt tell us _ in 2002.A. where does she liveB. Where she lives C. where did she live D. where she lived2.I dont know when _.A.will the train leaveB. the train will leave C. would the train leaveD. the train leave3.-We dont know _.-It is said that
8、 he was born in Sweden.A. what he isB. if he lives here C. where he comes fromD. which country is he from4. Were not sure if it _ tomorrow. If it _，we wont climb the South Hill.A. will snow；snows B. will snow；will snow C. snows；snows D. snows；will snow Module 3动词不定式（to do）和动名词（v-ing） 有些动词后面需加to do或-
9、ing来把意思补充完整。接to do的单词多为 “打算”、“计划”、“希望”之类的动词，而这些动词都表示未来。接-ing形式的动词要么表示是正在进行，要么表示一般性或经常性行为。有的动词既可以接to do，也可以接-ving。一. 接to do的动词有:(1）四个希望两答应：hope/ want/ wish/ would like to-agree/ promise(2)两个要求加拒绝：demand/ ask/ refuse(3)设法学会做决定：manage/ learn/ decide(4) 不要假装在选择：pretend/ choose二. 接-ing的动词有：enjoy/ finish/
10、 practise/ keep/ be busy/ feel like doing sth三. 既可以接to do，也可以接-ving的动词有hate, like, love, begin/start（意思一样），remember, forget, continue/ go on, stop, try,mean， regret（意思不一样）Remember to do sth 记得去做某事 remember doing sth 记得做过某事Forget to do sth 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth忘记做过某事Stop to do sth 停止正在做的事去做另一件事 sto
11、p doing sth 停止正在做的事Continue/ go on to do 继续做另一件事 Continue/ go on doing sth 停止正在做的事Try to do sth 努力设法做某事 try doing sth 试着做某事Mean to do sth 意味着做某事 mean doing sth 打算做某事Regret to do sth 对将要做的事表示遗憾 regret doing sth 对已做的事感到后悔四. 练习：用所给词的适当形式填空。1. Would you like _ (have) a cup of tea?2. Im very tired, lets
12、stop _ (have) a rest.3. I asked why he smiled, but he couldnt remember _ (smile) at me.4. He wants _ (buy) a new bike.5. You must keep _ (practice) _ (speak) English every day.6. Have you finished _ (read) the book?7. I decide _ (visit) the Great Wall this holiday.8. My sister enjoys _ (listen) to m
13、usic.9. He learnt _ (swim) all by himself.10. My father agreed _ (buy) me a computer.11. I forgot _ (close) the door yesterday.12. I hate _ (lose).13. The teacher is coming, we stop _. (talk)14. We tried _ (finish) the work on time.15. Sally refused _ (play) during the final practice.16. He offers _
14、 (help) me with the work.17. She cant afford _ (buy) a dictionary.18. I hope _ (go) abroad.19. Da Wei asked _ (play) the computer game on my fathers computer.20. He started _ (make) his own radio programmer at the age of fifteen.Module 4-5由if（如果）引导的条件状语从句（在某种条件下某事可能发生）1. 句子结构（1） If从句+主句（2） If从句+祈使句（以动词原形开头）2. 位置：if从句可放句首，也可放主句后面; 若If条件句放句首，从句可加逗号 。如：Print the text if you
