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1、阅读理解之“主旨大意”题解题指导主旨大意题是中考阅读理解的主要题型之一，旨在考查考生对段落大意或者文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力。该题也是中考阅读中的重点和难点，这类题往往针对段落或短文的subject(主题)、main idea(中心思想)、title(题目)或purpose(目的)来命题。因为词汇、句式、文化背景等原因，有相当一部分同学对文章的理解会出现一定偏差，从而不能很好地解答这类题目。这类题的解题关键是采用快速阅读法浏览全文，寻找文章的关键词或中心句。关键词即在文中频繁出现的词；中心句通常出现在文章的开头、结尾部分和各个段落的首尾。因为考生需要读完全文才能把握文章主旨，解答此类题时，不
2、妨把它作为最后一道来做。主旨大意题常见的提问方式有下列几种：1. Whats the topic of the article?2. What is the passage mainly about?3. Whats the main idea of the passage?4. What can we learn from the passage?5. What is the best title/headline for this passage?6. The writers purpose in writing this story is _.7. In the passage the
3、author wants to tell _.那么如何解这类题呢？下面，结合今年中考试题以及多年的教学经验，提供一些基本的方法来帮助大家。一、设问方式有哪些？大意类：1. What is the passage mainly about?2. The main idea of the passage is _.3. The first/second/last . paragraph is mainly about _.标题类：1. What is the best title for the passage?2. The best title for this passage might be
4、 _.3. The best headline for this passage could be _.目的型：1. The authors main purpose is to _.2. The passage is meant to _.3. The purpose of this article is to _.二、高分攻略看过来！每篇文章都有它的写作结构，如果我们能抓住文章的结构，找到文章的主题句，就能轻而易举地把握文章的中心大意，所以找准主题句，对于获取文章大意尤其重要。1. 寻找主题句一般来说，文章的主题句有以下几种位置：(1) at the beginning (2) at th
5、e end (3) at the beginning and at the end (4) in the middle of the passage (5) no clear topic sentence2. 排除干扰项一般来说，干扰项有以下特点： (1) 主观臆测，并非作者的观点 (2) 范围过大，过于笼统 (3)范围过小，以偏概全 (4) 文中未提及，找不到出处三、考查类型及解题技巧有哪些？1. 段落大意类【例1：内蒙古呼和浩特】For just $38, you can help one person see; for $380, 10 people can see; $1,300 he
6、lps train a doctor new skills; and for $13,000 you can provide a training program for a group of doctors who can make thousands of blind people see again. Your love can help them open their eyes to the world.The last paragraph is mainly about _.A. how much a training program for a group of doctors c
7、ostsB. why ORBIS needs your help to continue their workC. who can make thousands of blind people see againD. what you can do to help blind people open their eyes【解析】D。段落举出几个例子，说明不同的金钱额度可以为盲人做到的事情。A和C选项分别是其中某一例子，不能概括全段。B选项的意思是ORBIS需要你的帮助，借此呼吁读者，故B选项不正确。【解题方法】提取关键词。关键词是在文章或段落中反复出现，甚至其它说明内容都为之服务的词语。段落中
8、重复出现的词语有you, can, help (以及provide，在此表达意义相近)。找到关键词，我们就会发现，该段落的每一句话都站在读者“你”的角度，以“你能做某事来帮助盲人”为句子中心，呼吁读者做出自己的贡献。然后再综合四个选项，只有D选项包含了全部三个关键词。【例2：山东烟台卷】Thomas Edison lit up the world with his invention of the electric light. Without him, the world might still be in the dark. However, the electric light was
9、not his only invention. He also invented the motion picture camera and over 1,200 other things. About every two weeks he created something new.Thomas Edison was born in 1847. He attended school for only three months. His mother taught him at home, but Thomas was mostly self-educated. He started expe
10、rimenting at a young age.When he was 12 years old, he got his first job. He became a newsboy on a train. He did experiments on the train in his spare time. Unluckily, his first work experience did not end well. They fired him when he accidentally set fire to the floor of the train. Then Edison worke
11、d for five years as a telegraph operator, but he continued to spend much of his time in experimenting his first patent in 1868 for a vote recorder run by electricity.Thomas Edison was totally deaf in one ear and hard of hearing in the other, but he thought of his deafness as a blessing in many ways.
12、 It kept conversations short, so that he could have more time for work. He always worked 16 out of every 24 hours. Sometimes his wife had to remind him to sleep and eat.Thomas Edison died at the age of 84. He left a great many inventions that greatly improved the quality of life all over the world.W
13、hat does the passage mainly talk about?A. The function of the electric light. B. Edison and his experiments. C. The importance of inventions. D. The whole life of Edison.【解析】D。此题考查文章的大意。综观文章结构，它不属于上面所说的任何一种。但细读文章能发现，每一段都有明确的时间：第2段Thomas Edison was born in 1847；第3段When he was 12 years old, he got his
14、 first job；第5段Thomas Edison died at the age of 84。 由此可以看出本文讲的是爱迪生的人生经历，所以答案选D。其他三个选项都是片面的，犯了以偏概全的错误。A和C只在第一段中提到，而且没有指明是爱迪生的发明；B选项，只提出爱迪生和他的实验，没有包括文章的主要内容爱迪生的人生经历。2. 文章标题类【例3：山东德州】Green is an important color in nature. It is . It is . Sometimes, the word “green” means young, fresh and growing. For ex
15、ample . In the 15th century . A century later . By the 18 th century . Someone who is good at growing plants is said to have a green thumb (大拇指). The expres-sion . A person with a green thumb . The Green Revolution (绿色革命) is Green is also the color used to describe the powerful feeling. Jealousy (嫉妒). The green eyed monster . It is . It In most places in the world, a green light is a signal (信号) to m
