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1、英语阅读理解题型专项复习-推理判断一、题型特点与命题方式 既要求考生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求考生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作出正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。 1、这类试题常以如下句式发问： What can you conclude from this passage？ Whats the authors attitude towards.？ We can infer from the passage that. Which statement is (not) true？ What is the authors attitude
2、 towards? 2、判断，推理和结论的区别判断是对已知的事实做出合理的决定，而并非唯一的决定。 推理是从已知推理出未知（合理的猜测）。 结论是以已知的事实为前提，得出的唯一合理的决定。 在做题时，注意题目中: 含有know、what do you think一般是判断； 含有imply、suggest、infer、seem、appear、most likely等一般是推理； 含有conclusion、draw/come to/reach a conclusion 一般是结论。 二、做题思路考生做题时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字
3、里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”。 首先，考生在阅读时，要抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章结构，根据上下文内在联系，挖掘文章的深层含义。在进行推理时，考生一定要仔细阅读短文，千万不可脱离原文而仅凭个人的看法，主观臆断。 其次，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。 再次，在解答推理性问题时，应清楚所要解答的问题是针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。针对细节的推断可运用scanning方法，迅速在阅读材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。
4、针对主题思想作推断时，其解题的主要依据是文章的主题思想，然后再分析句子之间的逻辑关系，区分观点与例证、原因与结果、主观点与次观点。三、技巧点拨1细节推断题要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件、具体信息等。考生要从文章本身所提供的信息出发，抓住关键的信息词，运用逻辑思维，并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。MONTREAL (Reuters) Crossing the US-Canada border(边界) to go to church on a Sunday cost a US citizen $ 10,000 for breaking Washin
5、gtons strict new security(安全) rules.The expensive trip to church was a surprise for Richard Albert, who lives right on the Canadian border. Like the other half-dozen people of Township 15, crossing the border is a daily occurrence for Albert. The nearby Quebec village of St. Pamphile is where they s
6、hop, eat and go to church.59. We learn from the text that Richard Albert is _. A. an American living in Township 15 B. a Canadian living in a Quebec villageC. a Canadian working in a customs stationD. an American working in a Canadian church2因果推断题要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因或根据已有的原因推断可能的结果。考生要准确掌握文章的内涵，理解文
7、章的真正含义。最关键的是要找准事物间存在的因果关系信息，根据已有信息，进行分析判断推理，从而推出最符合逻辑的原因或判断出最可能导致的结果。 阅读文段同上60. Albert was fined because he _ A. failed to obey traffic rules.B. broke the American security rules.C. worked in St. Pamphile without a pass. D. damaged the gate of the customs office.3人物性格、心情处境、态度及观点等推断题高考阅读测试中有些题目考查学生对文
8、章作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作用或文中人物的态度、观点等方面的理解。做这一类题时一定注意：（1）由表及里地准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。（2）特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情，态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中的措辞，尤其是感情色彩的形容词。（3）能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。请翻译以下单词并熟记，思考还有哪些类似词汇(1)positive (9) reserved(2)negative (10) indifferent(3) optimistic (11)
9、cautious(4) pessimistic (12) surprise (5) objective (13)sympathize(6) subjective (14)support(7) admiring (15)doubt(8)critical (16) approveParents should stop blaming themselves because theres not a lot they can do about it. I mean the teenager (十几岁的孩子) problem. Whatever you do or however you choose
10、to deal with it, at certain times a wonderful, reasonable and helpful child will turn into a terrible animal.Ive seen friends deal with it in all kinds of different ways. One strict mother insisted that her son, right from a child, should stand up whenever anyone entered the room, open doors and sha
11、ke hands like a gentleman. I saw him last week when I called round. Sprawling himself (懒散地躺) on the sofa in full length, he made no attempt to turn off the loud TV he was watching as I walked in, and his greeting was no more than a quick glance at me. His mother was ashamed. “I dont know what to do
12、with him these days,” she said. “Hes forgotten all the manners we taught him.” He hasnt forgotten them. He s just decided that he s not going to use them. She confessed (坦白) that she would like to come up behind him and throw him down from the sofa onto the floor.Another good friend of mine let her
13、two daughters climb all over the furniture, reach across the table, stare at me and say, “I dont like your dress; its ugly.” One of the daughters has recently been driven out of school. The other has left home.“Where did we go wrong?” her parents are now very sad. Probably nowhere much. At least, no
14、 more than the rest of that unfortunate race, parents.73. The boy on the sofa would most probably be described as _.A. lazy B. quiet G. unusual D. rude74. From the second example we can infer that the parents of the two daughters _.A. pay no attention to them B. are too busy to look after themC. hav
15、e come to hate them D. feel helpless to do much about them75. What is the authors opinion about the sudden change in teenage children?A. Parents have no choice but to try to accept it.B. Parents should pay still sore attention to the change.C. Parents should work more closely with school teachers.D. Parents are at fault for the change in their children.4篇章结构推断题根据不同文章的内容和写作目的，作者会采取
