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1、Unit1CultureandCommunication WESHAREAWORLD Forallourdifferences weshareoneworld Tobetolerantistowelcomethedifferencesanddelightinthesharing Case1ShowingConcern InChina XiaoLi aninterpreter Youmustbeverytired You reold Catherine anelderlyAmericanlady Oh I mNOTold andI mNOTtired IntheWest A Howareyoud
2、oingnow Wouldyouliketohavearest B No notabit Question WhatdoyouknowaboutChinesecultureandAmericanculture Comment WhattheinterpretersaidisquitecourteousinChina Itmeans Ifyouaretired wecantakealittlerest sinceyouaregettingoninyears Unfortunately histranslationistooliteralandmisleading Theinterpreterga
3、vetheelderlyladytheimpressionthathethoughtshewouldcollapseanyminuteifshedoesn trestimmediately Inthewest thereisavalueplacedinbeingyoungthatmanypeopleconsciously orunconsciously arenotwillingtoacceptthattheyaregrowingold Inaddition thewestwayofshowingconcerningisgenerallydifferentfromtheChineseway T
4、heformerismainlydisplayedwithquestionswhilethelatterisusuallyexpressedbystatement Forthesereasonstheforeignladyfeltoffended Thisclearlyshowsthattranslationisaninterculturalcommunication whichrequiresthetranslator interpretertopossessbothEnglishculturalknowledgeandlanguagecompetence Case2Whynotbuyati
5、cketforme LiGangisanewChinesestudentinanAmericanuniversity Heisverygladthatoneofhisclassmates Peter inviteshimtoseeafilmoneday LiGanggoestothecinemaontime Whenhegetsthere Peteriswaitingforhim Petersays Ihaveboughtmine Yougoquicklytobuyyourticket LiGanggetssurprised Question WhydoesLiGanggetsurprised
6、 WhatdoyouknowaboutChinesecultureandAmericanculture Answer 1 InChina ifsomebodyinvitesyoutoseeafilm hewillbuytheticketforyou 2 InAmerica invitationisverycommon Andpeopleareusedtopayingindividually 3 LiGanghasn tgotusedtothisyet HethoughtthatPeterwouldbuytheticketforhim Case3 SameLanguage DifferentBe
7、havior AnAmericantraveledtoEnglandandwasstayingwithafriend Duringhisstay theAmericandecidedtotalktotheEnglishmanaboutsomethingsthatwerebotheringhim American Ifeeluncomfortablewithmanyofthepeoplehere butI mnotsurewhy Ispeakthesamelanguage sothereshouldn tbeanyproblem Backhome Iusuallygetalongwithpeop
8、le YouknowthatI mveryfriendly Englishman Yes that strue butyou refriendlyinthewaythatAmericansarefriendly American I mnotsureIunderstand Englishman Well forexample atthemeetingtheothernight youimmediatelycalledpeoplebytheirfirstnames Wedothathere butnotwhenwefirstmeetsomeone American That showwemake
9、peoplefeelcomfortable Peoplefeelfriendliertowardeachotherwhentheyusefirstnames Englishman It sdifferenthere Forexample whenyoumetmybossyoushouldhaveusedhislastname Alsothere ssomethingelsethatyoudothatEnglishpeopledon toftendo American What sthat Englishman Youtouchpeopleontheshoulderquiteabit espec
10、iallywhenyoucomplimentthem American IguessI veneverthoughtaboutthatbefore IsupposethatiswhatIdoathome Comment ThisisanimportantlessonfortheAmericanthatthoughtheyspeakthesamelanguageproblemsmaystillexistwhencommunicatingwithEnglishpeople Hedoesn tstoptothinkthathemayhavetodothingsdifferently Luckily
11、hehassomeonewhocanhelphimunderstandandquicklylearnsthatinEnglandheneedstobeabletodomorethanjustspeakEnglish Conclusion Fromthesesimplecases it snotdifficulttoseewhatanimportantrolecultureplaysincommunicationandwhylanguagealonedoesn tguaranteesuccessfulinterculturalcommunication Whenyoucommunicatewit
12、hpeoplefromanotherculture apolitegreetingmayturntoanimpolitegreeting asentenceoutofgoodwillmayturntoaninsult atalkwithagoodintentionmayturntohostilityifyoudon tknowtheirculturewell Culture Discussion 1 Whenyouthinkoftheword culture whatentersyourmind 2 WhatbestrepresentsChineseculture DefiningCultur
13、e Whenyouthinkoftheword culture whatentersyourmind Perhapsmusic architecture thearts Manypeopleassociatetheseareaswithculture Othersmaythinkofphilosophy history andliterature Stillothersmaythinkofbeliefs customs values andworldview Perhapstheearliestformaldefinitionofculture putforwardbyE BTylorin18
14、71 isalsooneofthebestknown Heconceivedofcultureas thatcomplexwholewhichincludesknowledge beliefs arts morals law custom andanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamembersociety Tylor 1871 文化是一种复合的整体 它包括知识 信仰 艺术 道德 法律 习俗以及人们作为社会成员而获得的能力与习惯 SinceTylor sdefinition morethan500differentversionshavee
15、merged butstillnoconsensushasbeenreacheduptothepresent Definingcultureisdifficultmainlybecausescholarshavedifferentunderstandingsofit Onedefinition forexample treatscultureaseverythingthatishuman made Anotherscholar however hasproposedthat cultureiscommunicationandcommunicationisculture Hall 1976 Cu
16、lturereferstothetotalwayoflivingofparticulargroupsofpeople Itincludeseverythingthatagroupofpeoplethink say do andmake TraditionalChinesemedicine ChineseGongfu PekingOperaandChineseCuisinesareamongthemostfrequentlymentionedsymbolsofChineseculture Besides examplesofculturecanbefoundineveryaspectofourlife Theseincludethecustomsweobservefornamingourchildren thewayweaddressourfamilymembers ourmodeofentertainingourguests thewaywespendourmoney howwetakeourvacation thewayweraiseourchildren aswellastheta
