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1、HistoryandAnthologyofEnglishLiterature WhatisLiterature Literaturereferstothepracticeandprofessionofwriting Itcomesfromhumaninterestintellingastory inarrangingwordsinartisticforms indescribinginwordssomeaspectsofhumanexperiences Literatureshowsusnotonlywhatasocietyislikeinacertainage butalsowhatindi
2、vidualsfeelaboutit whattheyhopefromit andhowtheycanchangeitorescapefromit 文学就是人学 钱谷融Literatureisthestudyof social humanbeings 文学作品主要就是描写人在社会中的沧桑沉浮 Aliteraryworkissomethingmainlytoportrayhowhumansstruggletosucceedandfailinthesociety FourGenresofLiterature FictionMyths parables allegory romances novel
3、s shortstories PoetryReliesonimagery figurative 比喻的 修饰丰富的 language sound DramaMadeupofdialogueandsetdirectionDesignedtobeperformed ProseNewsreports featurearticles essays editorials textbooks historicalandbiographicalworks AnOutlineofEnglishLiterature IAnglo SaxonPeriod 499 1066 IIAnglo NormanPeriod
4、 1066 1350 IIIGeoffreyChaucer 1340 1400 TheRenaissancePeriod 1485 early17thcentury The17thCentury The18thCentury TheRomanticAge 1789 1837 EnglishLiteratureofVictorianAge 1837 1901 20thCenturyLiterature I Anglo SaxonPeriod 449 1066 Thisperiodextendedfromabout449 1066 theyearoftheNorman Frenchconquest
5、ofEngland TheGermanictribesfromEuropewhooverrun 横行于 Englandinthe5thcentury aftertheRomanwithdraw broughtwiththeOldEnglish orAnglo Saxonlanguage whichisthebasisofmodernEnglish Theybroughtalsoaspecificpoetictradition theformalcharacterofwhichremainedsurprisinglyconstantuntiltheterminationoftheirruleby
6、theNorman Frenchinvaders6centurieslater Achievements PoetryMuchofoldEnglishpoetrywasprobablyintendedtobechanted withharp akindofinstrumentinChinesemeans竖琴 accompaniment byAnglo Saxonscop poetinChinesemeans吟游诗人 oftenboldandstrong butalsomournfulandelegiac sad inspirit Majorachievement Beowulf II TheA
7、nglo NormanPeriod 1066 1350 Thisperiodbeganfrom1066 theyearoftheNorman FrenchconquestofEngland TheliteraturetheybroughttoEnglandisremarkableforitsbright romantictalesofloveandadventure incontrastwiththestrengthandsombernessofAnglo Saxonpoetry AchievementLegendArthurianLegend GeoffreyChaucer 1340 140
8、0 GeoffreyChaucer the fatherofEnglishpoetry andoneofthegreatestnarrativepoetsofEnglandChaucer screativeworkvividlyreflectedthechangeswhichhadtakenrootinEnglishcultureofthesecondhalfofthe14thcentury HispoetrytracesoutapathtotheliteratureofEnglishRenaissance MajorWork TheCanterburyTales TheRenaissance
9、Period 1485 early17thcentury LiteraryTrends RenaissanceandHumanismTheRenaissancemarksatransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld Thisperiodischaracterizedbytheinfluenceoftheclassics inliterature language andphilosophy aswellasanoptimisticforward thinkingapproachtothepotentialofhumans knownasRenaissan
10、cehumanism WritersandWorks ThomasMore Utopia 乌托邦 EdmundSpenser FaerieQueene 仙后 FrancisBacon Essays 论说文集 WilliamShakespeare Works 154sonnets 37plays 2longpoemsComedy AMidsummerNight sDream TwelfthNight AsYouLikeIt MerchantofVeniceTragedies Hamlet Othello KingLear Macbeth RomeoandJulietHistoryPlays He
11、nryIV Theearlierseventeenthcentury andespeciallytheperiodoftheEnglishRevolution 1640 60 wasatimeofintensefermentinallareasoflife religion science politics domesticrelations culture The17thCentury JohnMilton ParadiseLost 失乐园 JohnBuyan ThePilgrim sProgress 天路历程 JohnDonne SongsandSonnets 歌与十四行诗 Writers
12、andworks LiteraryTraitsEnlightenmentandNeoclassism theearlyageofRomanticismTheEnlightenmentmovementwasaprogressiveintellectualmovementwhichflourishedinFranceandsweptthewholewesternEuropeatthetime Theenlightenmenterscelebratedreasonorrationality equalityandscience Theycalledforareferencetoorder reaso
13、nandrule The18thCentury Inthefieldofliterature enlightenmentersbelievedthattheartisticshouldbeorder logic restrainedemotionandaccuracy seekproportion unity harmonyandgraceinliteraryexpression inanefforttodelight instructandcorrecthumanbeings Neoclassicism Arevivalinliteratureinthelate17thand18thcent
14、uries characterizedbyaregardfortheclassicalidealsofreason form andrestraint Poetry AlexanderPope TheRapeoftheRock 劫发记 Prose JonathanSwift Guilliver sTravels 格列佛游记 TheRiseoftheRealisticNovel DanielDefoe RobinsonCrusoe 鲁宾逊漂流记 TheRomanticAge 1789 1837 Theliteraryviews Romanticismconstitutesachangeofdir
15、ectionfromattentiontotheouterworldofsocialcivilizationtotheinnerworldofthehumanspirit Ittendstoseetheindividualastheverycenterofalllifeandallexperience Italsoplacestheindividualatthecenterofart A Poetry WilliamWordsworth SamuelTaylorColeridge LyricalBallads 抒情歌谣集 Byron DanJuan 唐璜 Shelley OdetotheWes
16、tWind 西风颂 JohnKeats OdetoaNightingale 夜莺颂 B Drama Byron Manfred 曼弗雷德 Shelley PrometheusUnbound 解放了的普罗米修斯 C Novel JaneAusten SenseandSensibilityPrideandPrejudiceEmmaWalterScott Ivanhoe FeaturesoftheVictorianLiterature RealismVictorianliterature asaproductofitsage naturallytookonitsqualityofmagnitude diversity Itwasmany sidedandcomplex andreflectedbothromanticallyandrealisticallythegreatchangesthatweregoingoninpeople slifeandthought Greatwritersandgreatworksabounded EnglishLiteratureofVictorianAge
