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1、English literature前言: 配合该笔记，看看选读的文章，有个大概的印象就行了。学会对文章进行分析是考查的最终目标。本人判断力不错，但记忆力不好,考前看了两遍，考了68分。如果能记下要点，应该会考得更好。这次考试的40小题选择题我做对了32题。最后,希望我整理的笔记能提高大家的学习效率,I Old English Literature -(4501066)two groups : religious -on biblical themes - Secular - heroic age - - a protector of people ,fight against the nat
2、ure.II Medieval period -(1066-14th Century)Fame :1066 Norman conquest - three changesfeudalism system established ( politically ) - Catholic Church ( Religiously ) - French, Latin, English (co-existed language )In comparison with old English literature: (1) wider range of subjects (2) themes concern
3、ed with the personal salvation (3) romance love (4) the language is simple and straightforward The epic reflects a heroic age ,the romance reflects a chivalric one 骑士Chaucer : 1 titles: the English Homer , the father of English poetry (from), 2 verse : first use heroic couplet , realistic picture of
4、 his time , vivid characters from all works of his life , the characters are both typical and individual, his ideas is to pursue earthly happiness, opposed asceticism 禁欲主义, advocate humanism, replace alliterative verse with rhymed stanzas (古英语的押头韵变成 中世纪的押尾韵) first use rhymed heroic couplet octosylla
5、bic 八音节诗3.novel: the first modern novel.III Renaissance (14th17th)Fame : move from feudalist ideas to the interest of rising bourgeoisie. recover from corruption of the Roman Catholic Church to the purity of the earthly church .England : the reign of Henry VIII -Englands Golden Age in literature - B
6、ibles in English instead of Latin readable for common people - literary giants : Shakespeare, Spenser ,Jonson Sidney, Marlowe ,Bacon ,and DonneThe time of Tudos - change monasteries修道院 into schools and universities - the English Renaissance flourishing -first introduced printing into England and tra
7、nslated books in English(by William Caxton)Traits of humanistic poetry : meter, rhyme, scheme, imagery and argument should be combined to frame the emotional theme. Poetry was to be a concentrated exercise of the mind , if craftsmanship and of learning. The most famous dramatists : Shakesperar , Ben
8、 Jonson, and Marlowe Writers : Wyatt (introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England)Surrey (brought in blank verse)Sidney (brought in sestina and terza rima)Marlowe(brought mighty lines to the blank verse )Spenser( pastoral convention )John Donne, George Herbert ( metaphysical poets)Francis Bacon (t
9、he first important English essayist, the founder of modern science in England)I Edmund SpensorFame: Spenserian Stanza，the poets poet(他的诗节被称为“斯宾塞诗节”，他被称为“诗人中之诗人”) 选读 (Poem)contains 12 books, speaks of 12 virtues of the private gentleman, each of which tells a knight. Arthurthe heros of heros-plays a
10、role in each of the 12 major adventures, serve as a unifying element. The theme is Fierce Wares and faithful loves.The knight here symbolized the Church (Anglican) , is the protector of Una (the Virgin) .Una stands for the true religion. Qualities of Spensors poetry: 1. a perfect melody (music sense
11、) 2.a rare sense of beauty 3. a splendid imagination 4.a lofty moral purity and seriousness. 5.a dedicated idealismII. Christopher MarloweFame: be regarded as University Wits. Perfected the blank verse, brought strong emotion into the blank verse. He created the Renaissance hero for English drama. S
12、uch a hero is always individualistic and full of ambition. (but his verse is not strong in dramatic construction and women s characters are rather pale)Plays: (the name of an ambitious ancient emperor. He rose from a shepherd to an overpowering king through his own effort. By depicting such a great
13、king, Marlow voiced the desire of the man of the Renaissance for infinite power and authority. ) 选读 (Faustus is longing for knowledge and finally sells his souls to the evil. It celebrates the human passion for knowledge ,power and happiness)affection for his love.) Poetry: (It deprives from the pas
14、toral tradition, in which the shepherd enjoys an ideal country life, cherishing a pure III. William Shakespeare (15641616)Background: from merchants family .父亲是个当地镇里的多面手，有点名气。他的戏剧分早期、中期，中晚期和晚期。（I，II，III，IV）.他的作品很多，影响很大。T: I Five history plays and four comedies. 历史剧 Henry VI, Parts I,II ( It reveals a troubled reign in the 15th century, Shakespeares mounted over the loss of English territories in France. He condemns the War of the Roses , in which innoce
