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1、初一英语词汇归纳二沈阳牛津版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：词汇归纳二二. 具体过程：（四）介词4.1 表示时间的介词at, on, in, after, for, since, by, till, until, duringat表示确切的时间点或较短的一段时间；in表示一天中的各部分时间或较长的时间；on表示具体的某天或某天上午或下午；during表示一段时间，强调时间的延续。at 4:30 (noon, dawn, midnight)on Saturday afternoon (an autumn evening)at Christmasin (during) 1987 (December
2、, the 19th century)during my military service (the trip)The job was done in a week.He will be back in two hours. He will be back after two oclock.I stayed in London (for) two days on my way to New York.By noon, everybody had (will have) arrived there. 到中午的时候，大家都(将)到那儿了。He waited till（until）5 oclock.
3、They stayed until (till) after the meeting. (肯定句中表示：直到时候)Until now I knew nothing about it.Jack didnt come home until / till about 11. (否定句中表示:直到才) 4.2 表示地点、位置的介词in, at, round, around, beyond, on, over, under, above, below, up, down, before, behind, between, amongThe car pulled up at the gate.车停在大门口
4、。She lives at No. 52 Hazel Avenue.They have arrived in Peking.He put a necklace (a)round her neck.He is making a trip round the world.beyond表示在以外： There is a village beyond the hill.on：在（平面）上；There is a book on the desk.over：在（垂直）上方； under：在（垂直）下方：There is a lamp over the table.The peasants are havi
5、ng a rest under the tree.above：在上方； below：在下方：The plane is flying above the clouds.The sun sank below the horizon.before：在前面；after：在后面 （两者都具有动态意义）Dont put the cart before the horse.莫本末倒置。The object should be placed after the verb.*in front of和behind表示静态意义的位置。The car was parked in front of the buildi
6、ng.There is a garden behind the house.between：在（两者）之间：Is there any difference between the two words?among：在（两者以上）之间：They visited the temple among the hills.4.3 表示方向、方位的介词to，in，for, atin在面（包含在其中）Shanghai lies in the east of China.to在部（不包含在其中）Japan lies to the east of China.on 两地接壤Vietnam lies on the
7、south of China.leave, start, depart等词后加for,表示目的地:He will leave for Shanghai tomorrow.4.4 表示空间运动的介词along, across, through, over, up, down, from, to, into, out of along沿着: They are taking a walk along the street.across横过: Dare you swim across the river?through(从中间穿过): They drove through the city (tunn
8、el).over越过: The plane flew over the city.up向上方: He ran up the stairs. down向下方: The ship is sailing down the river.He received a letter from abroad. She stood up and walked to the window.4.5 表示工具、方法和手段的介词with, by, in, through, on1）with表示工具，方式（抽象），也可表示材料：Wood is often cut with a saw.We should face the
9、 situation with great courage.2）by表示途径或手段：Babies learn to speak by imitation.We can get energy by burning fuel.3) in表示方式: Can you do the experiment in another way?Cloth is often measured in metres.4) through表示途径,手段,与by接近: He became rich through hard work.4.6 表示原因的介词because of, on account of, at, for
10、, from, with, of We rejoiced at their great achievements.He was punished for stealing.They are suffering from starvation and disease.She was red with shame.The man died of lung cancer.直接原因The soldier died from a bad wound.间接原因（五）形容词和副词5.1系表结构，应用形容词作表语：The dish smells good.He looks very serious.She f
11、elt bad at the news.5.2 一些形容词与副词同形clean direct firm likely quick close early hard long slow clear enoughhigh low straight dead far kindly much tight deep fast late near wrong wideJohn drives very fast.He took a fast train to London.You must go straight to bed.The teacher drew a straight line.5.3 常见的
12、以-ly结尾的形容词daily每天的 lonely孤独的 lovely可爱的 lively活泼的 monthly每月一次的friendly友好的 kindly和蔼的 early早的 silly愚蠢的 timely及时的likely很可能的 ugly丑陋的 deadly致命的 deathly死一般的 earthly世俗的其中early, kindly, likely也可用作副词。5.4 某些形容词与副词只差一个词尾，但意义却大不相同：bad 坏的 badly 非常practical实际的 practically事实上hard坚硬 hardly 几乎不large 大的 largely主要地late
13、迟的，晚的 lately近来like像 likely 很可能scarce 稀少的 scarcely 几乎不short 短的 shortly 不久，很快bare 光秃的 barely仅仅（六）动词6.1 常用的连系动词有：appear be become come fall feel get go grow keep lie remain restrun smell sound stand stay taste look6.2 实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词之分6.3 助动词无实际意义，只起语法作用：Do you read newspaper every day?The job will be
14、finished soon.6.4 情态动词不能单独作谓语,增加谓语的情态、语气等色彩。常见动词搭配:（1）动词 + 介词：listen to听amount to等于long for渴望call on号召consist of 由组成look at 看care for 照顾send for 派人去请rely on 依靠depend on 依靠stand for代表laugh at 嘲笑wait for等待apply for申请believe in 信仰play with玩come across碰见go through通过（2）动词 + 副词：give up放弃look up查找point out
15、指出find out查明hand in上交think over考虑put on穿pick up拣起throw away抛弃take off脱掉hand out分发turn off关掉stand up起立look out小心take off起飞catch up赶上give in让步grow up长大pass away去世get up起床go on 继续（3）动词 + 副词 + 介词：get along with与相处run out of 用光look up to尊敬get through with完成keep up with 跟上sit in on旁听look forward to 期望look down upon瞧不起（4）动词 + 名词 + 介词catch si
