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1、T. Wiegand and G. J. Sullivan: The H.264 | MPEG-4 AVC Video Coding Standard 0H.264/AVC Video Coding Standard! Standardization, History, Goals, and Applications! Codec Overview! Video Coding Layer (VCL) Picture Partitioning and Interlace ProcessingCodec StructureMotion-Compensated PredictionIntra Pre
2、dictionPrediction Residual CodingDeblocking FilterEncoder Test Model! Performance! Network Abstraction Layer (NAL)NAL Units and TypesRTP Carriage and Byte Stream FormatT. Wiegand and G. J. Sullivan: The H.264 | MPEG-4 AVC Video Coding Standard 1The JVT Project! ITU-T SG16 H.26P and H.26L plans in 19
3、93 (H.26P became H.263)! ITU-T Q.6/SG16 (VCEG - Video Coding Experts Group) formed for ITU-T standardization activity for video compression since 1997! August 1999: 1sttest model (TML-1) of H.26L! December 2001: Formation of the Joint Video Team (JVT)between VCEG and ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 11 (MPEG
4、- Moving Pictures Experts Group) to establish a joint standard project - H.264 / MPEG4-AVC(similar to H.262 / MPEG-2 Video); ! JVT Chairs: G. J. Sullivan, A. Luthra, and T. Wiegand! ITU-T Approval: May 2003 ITU-T SG16 Final Standard Approved! ISO/IEC Approval: March 2003 - Final Draft International
5、Standard currently balloting! Extensions Project: Professional Extensions until April 2004T. Wiegand and G. J. Sullivan: The H.264 | MPEG-4 AVC Video Coding Standard 2! Improved Coding EfficiencyAverage bit rate reduction of 50% given fixed fidelity compared to any other standardComplexity vs. codin
6、g efficiency scalability! Improved Network FriendlinessIssues examined in H.263 and MPEG-4 are further improvedAnticipate error-prone transport over mobile networks and the wired and wireless Internet! Simple syntax specification Targeting simple and clean solutions Avoiding any excessive quantity o
7、f optional features or profile configurationsGoalsT. Wiegand and G. J. Sullivan: The H.264 | MPEG-4 AVC Video Coding Standard 3Applicationscircuit-switchedpacket-switched! Entertainment Video (1-8+ Mbps, higher latency)Broadcast / Satellite / Cable / DVD / VoD / FS-VDSL / DVB/ATSC/SCTE, DVD Forum, D
8、SL Forum ! Conversational Services (usu. 2123456780Q A B C D E F G HI a b c dJ e f g hK i j k lL m n o pT. Wiegand and G. J. Sullivan: The H.264 | MPEG-4 AVC Video Coding Standard 25! In addition to shifting in spatial position, and selecting from among multiple reference pictures, each regions pred
9、iction sample values can bemultiplied by a weight, andgiven an additive offset! Some key uses:Improved efficiency for B coding, e.g., accelerating motion, multiple non-reference B temporally between reference picsExcels at representation of fades: fade-in fade-out cross-fade from scene-to-scene! Enc
10、oder can apply this to both P and B prediction typesWeighted PredictionT. Wiegand and G. J. Sullivan: The H.264 | MPEG-4 AVC Video Coding Standard 26Spatial prediction using surrounding “available” samples! Available samples arePreviously reconstructed within the same slice at the decoderInside the
11、same slice! Luma intra prediction either:Single prediction for entire 16x16 macroblock 4 modes (vertical, horizontal, DC, planar)16 individual predictions of 4x4 blocks 9 modes (DC, 8 directional)! Chroma intra prediction:Single prediction type for both 8x8 regions 4 modes (vertical, horizontal, DC,
12、 planar)T. Wiegand and G. J. Sullivan: The H.264 | MPEG-4 AVC Video Coding Standard 2716x16 Intra Prediction DirectionsMode 0 - Vertical Mode 1 - HorizontalPred(x, y) = x, y = 0,15 (above and left available)Pred(x, y) = x, y = 0,15 (only left available)Pred(x, y) = x, y = 0,15 (only above available)
13、=+150150516),1()1,(xyyPxP48),1(150+=yyP48)1,(150+=xxPT. Wiegand and G. J. Sullivan: The H.264 | MPEG-4 AVC Video Coding Standard 284x4 Intra Prediction DirectionsMode 0 - Vertical Mode 1 - HorizontalMode 3 Diagonal Down/Left Mode 4 Diagonal Down/RightMode 2 - DC+ + +T. Wiegand and G. J. Sullivan: Th
14、e H.264 | MPEG-4 AVC Video Coding Standard 294x4 Intra Prediction DirectionsMode 7 Vertical-Left Mode 8 Horizontal-UpMode 5 Vertical-Right Mode 6 Horizontal-DownT. Wiegand and G. J. Sullivan: The H.264 | MPEG-4 AVC Video Coding Standard 3075410632129811104x4 Boundary ConditionsA B C DIJKLE F G HQEFG
15、H not available since this 4x4block is outside the macroblock replace EFGH with value of D14 15T. Wiegand and G. J. Sullivan: The H.264 | MPEG-4 AVC Video Coding Standard 31EntropyCodingScaling & Inv. TransformMotion-CompensationControlDataQuant.Transf. coeffsMotionDataIntra/InterCoderControlDecoder
16、MotionEstimationTransform/Scal./Quant.-InputVideoSignalSplit intoMacroblocks16x16 pixelsIntra-frame PredictionDe-blockingFilterOutputVideoSignalTransform Coding! 4x4 Block Integer Transform! Repeated transform of DC coeffsfor 8x8 chroma and some 16x16 Intra luma blocks111121 121111122 1=HT. Wiegand and G. J. Sullivan: The H.264 | MPEG-4 AVC Video Coding Standard 32! Separable transf
