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1、专题七形容词和副词第一节形容词和副词的用法及辨析,怀化五年中考命题规律及趋势考纲要求1.形容词(包括比较级和最高级)2.副词(包括比较级和最高级)考查点年份题号选项设置分值形容词词义辨析201540all right/terrible/worse1分33new/old/lovely1分201432easy/rich/difficult1分39afraid/proud/ashamed1分201240interesting/boring/terrible1分63疲倦的tired1分副词词义辨析201562更努力harder1分201336clearly/loudly/soon1分201140nev
2、er/always/seldom1分63奇怪的strange1分怀化中考单项选择对形容词和副词的考查主要集中在对比较等级的考查上。而完形填空则侧重形容词和副词的词义辨析，侧重对上下文的理解及语境的判断。短文填空则偏向形容词或副词的拼写。预计2016年怀化中考的完形填空必定考查一道形容词或副词词义辨析。短文填空会涉及一道形容词或副词的拼写。,怀化中考重难点突破【考点抢测】一、词语运用1We can hardly believe that you learn to dance so _.(quick)2My uncle lost his ID card yesterday._，a schoolbo
3、y found it and sent it back to him in the afternoon.(lucky)3Though it was raining _，the policeman was still standing at the crossing.(heavy)4Jack finds it difficult to pronounce some English words _(correct)5All of us were _ that such a little girl spoke English so well.(surprise)6Its cool and _ in
4、autumn in our hometown.(sun)二、单项选择()7.Its _ to find English difficult sometimes.Dont give up.Astrange BunusualCnormal()8.If you are full of love，youll be _ at finding the beautiful things in your life.Aafraid BangryCgood()9.There are a lot of people talking and laughing in the room and its very _Aqu
5、iet BsoftCnoisy()10.In a green school everyone agrees to be _ about the environment.Anervous BcarefulChonest ()11.Its raining _ now.Youd better take an umbrella with you.Aheavy BheavilyCstrong()12.Please be _Theres an important meeting in the next room.Aquickly BquickCquiet()13.I carried the bowl wi
6、th both hands _，so I wouldnt break it.Acarefully BhappilyCquickly()14.My old neighbour Charles felt _ after his children moved out.Alonely BsafelyCangrily()15.My friend Frank sings well，and he is _ good at playing guitar.Anot BalsoCyet()16.(2015永州中考模拟)He said he would go _，but then he drove very fas
7、t.Aearly BquicklyCslowly()17.Helen was so excited at the news that she could _ say a word.Aever BalmostChardly【满分点拨】一、形容词的用法及位置说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态，常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词叫形容词。1作定语，放在名词之前，复合不定代词之后。如：The nice girl is my sister.这个漂亮的女孩是我妹妹。I have something important to tell you.我有一些重要的事情要告诉你。注意：有少数形容词只能作表语，不能作定语，如a
8、lone，afraid，asleep，awake，alive，well等。2作表语，放在系动词之后。如：He looks very happy.他看起来很开心。3作宾补，放在宾语之后，常与make，leave，keep等动词连用。如：You must keep your eyes closed.你必须闭上眼睛。二、某些形容词说明事物间的关系，如方位、时间、用途等，没有比较级的变化，如the same，different，southern，northern，Chinese，Japanese等。如：My answer is different from yours.我的答案和你的不一样。三、副词的
9、作用、构成、分类和位置1副词的作用副词是表示行为特征或性状特征的词。主要以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句。在句中主要用作状语。如：Sometimes were very busy.2副词的构成构成例词与形容词同形low，fast，late，early，much，deep，little，hard，only，back，just，well，enough，long，high，slow形容词后直接加lysadsadly；politepolitely辅音字母加y结尾的形容词改y为i再加lyhappyhappily；angryangrily；busybusily辅音字母加le结尾时，去e加ysimples
10、imply；terribleterribly；gentlegently少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加lytruetruly；dueduly注意：(1)有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词。如：motherly，lovely，lively，friendly，lonely。(2)有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词相同，另一种形式是在形容词后加ly，意义有区别。常见的有：closeadj./adv.靠近closelyadv.密切地highadj./adv.高highlyadv.高度地freeadj./adv.免费freelyadv.自由地lateadj./adv.晚，迟latelyadv.近
11、来deepadj./adv.深deeplyadv.深刻/深入地nearadj./adv.邻近nearlyadv.几乎/将近hardadj./adv.努力地hardlyadv.几乎不mostadj./adv.最mostlyadv.主要地wideadj./adv.宽阔widelyadv.广泛地3.副词的分类和位置分类位置例词时间副词一般放在句尾now现在then那时today今天tomorrow明天yesterday昨天before前面ago之前soon很快once曾经，以前at first首先at last最后just now刚才at once立刻，马上频度副词行为动词之前或助动词、情态动词及b
12、e动词之后twice两次daily天天，常常weekly每周，每周一次every day每天every week每周every month每月always总是，经常usually经常often经常，常常sometimes有时ever曾经never从来不地点副词一般放在句尾here这儿there那儿upstairs楼上downstairs楼下above上边behind后边everywhere每个地方anywhere任何地方方式副词放在不及物动词之后或及物动词之前well好地，优质地badly坏地，劣质地fast快速地hard难地；努力地happily快乐地loudly大声地luckily幸运地p
13、olitely礼貌地quickly快速地really真正地safely安全地slowly缓慢地程度副词被修饰的形容词或副词前，情态动词或助动词之后。enough修饰形容词或副词时须后置quite相当，完全，十分 rather相当，颇，有点 very非常 much许多 a lot许多 a little一点，一些 a bit少量 enough足够 hardly几乎不 almost大多数疑问副词通常置于句首疑问副词有when，where，why，how，how long，how soon，how often，how far等。疑问副词常用来构成特殊疑问句。关系副词用来引导宾语从句，放在句中关系副词有
14、when，where，why，how等，关系副词常用来引导从句。四、形容词和副词辨析1形容词词义辨析近几年怀化中考对形容词词义辨析的考查为必考点。在单项选择部分是偶考点。有时会涉及对某一类形容词词义辨析的考查，如性格描述类。在完形填空部分是必考点，越来越注重在具体语言环境下词义的区别，解答此类试题要知道不同的形容词所表达的具体含义。2副词词义辨析怀化中考近5年单项选择中并没有考查副词词义辨析，但是完形填空中会涉及一道副词词义辨析的试题，且偏向频度副词的考查。所以学生要重点掌握常见副词的词义和用法。3形容词和副词混合辨析怀化中考中有很多形容词和副词形式相近的词。此类混合考法是怀化中考试题的亮点。下面将这类最常见的形容词与副词加以归纳，以帮助学
