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1、1 初一英语初一英语暑假专题暑假专题 句子成分 句子成分 4 4 教育科学版教育科学版 本讲教育信息本讲教育信息 一 教学内容 暑假专题 句子成分 4 状语 用来修饰动词 形容词 副词或全句的句子成分 称为状语 状语用来说明动 作发生或存在的时间 地点 条件 目的 方式 程度 原因 结果 让步等 可用作状 语的有副词 名词 动词不定式 短语 分词 短语 介词短语以及从句等 状语在句子中的位置很灵活 常见情况为 通常在句子基本结构之后 强调时放在句 首 修饰形容词或副词时 通常位于被修饰的词之前 表示时间 地点 目的的状语一般 位于句子两头 强调时放在句首 地点状语一般须在时间状语之前 一些表示
2、不确定时间 如 often 或程度 如 almost 的副词状语通常位于 be 动词 助动词 情态动词之后 动词之前 例 We should study hard 我们应该努力学习 David runs very fast 戴维跑得非常快 He came to see me yesterday 他昨天来看我 She often works till midnight 她经常工作到半夜 1 副词 短语 作状语 The boy needs a pen very much 男孩非常需要一支钢笔 程度状语 The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mo
3、ther 男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔 宾语较长则状语前置 The boy really needs a pen 男孩真的需要一支钢笔 程度状语 The boy needs a pen now Now the boy needs a pen The boy now needs a pen 男孩现在需 要一支钢笔 时间状语 2 介词短语作状语 In the classroom the boy looks out of the window 在教室里 男孩向窗外看 地点状语 Before his mother Tom is always a good boy 在母亲面前 汤姆总是一个乖男孩子 条
4、件状语 On Sundays there is no student in the classroom 星期天 教室里没有学生 时间状语 3 分词 短语 作状语 He sits there thinking of the good old days 他坐在那儿 想起了过去的好时光 表示伴随状态 Having to finish his homework the boy stays at home 因为不得不完成作业 男孩呆在家里 原因状语 Frightened he sits there soundlessly 因为 受了惊吓 他无声地坐在那儿 原因状语 4 不定式作状语 The boy ne
5、eds a pen to do his homework 男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业 目的状语 To make his dream come true Tom becomes very interested in business 为实现梦想 汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣 2 5 名词作状语 Come this way 走这条路 方向状语 6 状语从句 时间状语从句 地点状语从句 原因状语从句 结果状语从句 目的状语从句 比较状语从句 让步状语从句 条件状语从句 7 同位语 同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分 近乎 于后置定语 对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释 说明前面词是 谁
6、 是 什么 等 同位语通常由名词 数词 代词或从句担当 而定语则是对被修饰词的限制和修饰 例 Lucy this is my friend Jim 露西 这是我的朋友吉姆 We students should study hard students 是 we 的同位语 都是指同一批 学生 We all are students all 是 we 的同位语 都指同样的 我们 典型例题典型例题 花季物语花季物语 During my junior year in high school Mr Reynolds my English teacher handed each student a list
7、 of thoughts or statements written by other students then gave us a creative writing assignment based on one of those thoughts At 17 I was beginning to wonder about many things so I chose the statement I wonder why things are the way they are That night I wrote down in the form of a story all the qu
8、estions that puzzled me about life I realized that many of them were hard to answer and perhaps others could not be answered at all When I turned in my paper I was afraid that I might fail the assignment because I had not answered the question I wonder why things are the way they are I had no answer
9、s I had only written questions The next day Mr Reynolds called me to the front of the class and asked me to read my story for the other students He handed me my paper and sat down in the back of the room The class became quiet as I began to read my story At the conclusion of my story my eyes locked
10、with Mr Reynold s eyes and I saw a tear slowly sliding down his cheek It was then that I realized that life is not always based on the answers we receive but also on the questions that we ask 孩子眼中的夏天孩子眼中的夏天 Do you know what I like Summer vacation I like it because I can go outside to play If it rain
11、s I can stay inside and play checkers And this summer my family may go to Beijing because we have not been there yet Do you know what I don t like I don t like homework during summer vacation This is so difficult I complain But once I begin to do it I always stop complaining I just try to finish it
12、quickly so I can have a good time for the next two months 答案 答案 略 模拟试题模拟试题 If an American is satisfied with you he will put his thumb and forefinger 食指 into a circle 3 That means OK But in Brazil the very sign is considered to be rude In Poland a guest usually presents flowers to his hostess The num
13、ber must be an odd 奇数 one Besides the hostess isn t expected to remove the cover of the bunch of flowers And usually the red rose is a sign of love Usually we nod to express our agreement and shake our heads to show disapproval 不赞成 To our surprise these body movements mean the opposite in Bulgaria 保
14、加利亚 The differences in customs and cultures in the world are really noticeable We should learn more about them to avoid embarrassment 窘迫 Then would you please remember When in Rome do as the Romans do 1 In Poland if a man gives some odd red roses to a woman as a present it means that he A will invit
15、e her to a dinner party B has not been in love with her C will invite her to a party D has fallen in love with her 2 If a Brazilian puts his thumb and forefinger into a circle it shows that he you A will be friends with B is not been in love with her C is willing to help D is satisfied with 3 In Pol
16、and it is for the hostess to remove the cover of the bunch of flowers somebody has presented to her A impolite B polite C strange D popular 4 In Bulgaria if a man nods it means that he with you A will have a talk B disagrees C will shake hands D agrees 5 The sentence When in Rome do as the Romans do Means that A we should learn from the Romans B we should work as the Romans do C we should obey its customs when we are in a foreign country D we have been Romans 4 参考答案参考答案 1 5 DDABC
