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1、九年级英语阅读理解专题（一）沈阳牛津版【本讲教育信息】一、教学内容：阅读理解专题（一）二、教学目标：解读中考阅读理解的要求和选材、分析主旨大意题和猜测词义题【具体教学过程】一、中考考纲对阅读理解的要求根据教育部制定的英语课程标准，初中毕业生应达到五级综合语言运用能力。阅读理解是综合语言运用能力的一个重要方面，在中考中所占比重越来越大，这是拉开档次的题目。阅读理解五级的目标部分描述如下：1、能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义；2、能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系；3、能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局；4、能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料；5、能根据不同的阅读目的运
2、用简单的阅读策略获取信息；6、除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上(上海的要求更高一些，30万词以上)。阅读理解能力的培养是中学英语学习的一项重要任务，也是中考的一项重要内容。中考英语“阅读理解”题主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，包括阅读能力、理解能力、归纳概括能力、逻辑推理能力以及对材料的评估能力等。要求学生能较快地通过阅读理解短文大意，获取其中的主要信息，能作出正确判断，然后根据试题的要求从A，B，C，D四个选项中选出最佳答案或回答出所提问题等等。要求阅读速度为每分钟40-50个词。二、中考阅读理解的选材试题中所选的阅读文章题材多样化，涉及政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史
3、、地理、科学技术等各个方面。（这要求学生平时对各方面的知识都有所积累，做个有心人）体裁多样化，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格（要求学生能看懂这类阅读材料尤其是时下出题的趋势）等各种文体。它要求考生阅读理解准确率高、阅读速度快。阅读理解的阅读材料的选取一般遵循三个原则：1. 阅读文章不少于三篇，阅读量在1，000个单词左右；2. 题材广泛，包括科普，社会，文化，政治，经济等；3. 体裁多样，包括记叙文，说明文，应用文等；三、中考阅读理解考查的主要内容及解题的方法和技巧（一）考查掌握所读材料的主旨和大意的能力。这类试题要求对文章的整体或局部（如段落）进行
4、分析、概括，归纳相关部分的中心大意（main idea），选择标题（title），判断作者的写作目的（purpose）等，旨在考查考生加工与浓缩信息的能力。1、题干表现形式：(1) Which is the best title of the passage?(2) Which of the following is this passage about?(3) In this passage the writer tries to tell us that_.(4) The passage tells us that_.(5) This passage mainly talks about_
5、.2、如何获取段落的主旨和大意？最有效的办法是找出主题句(Topic sentence)。一篇文章（或一段文章）通常都是围绕一个中心意思展开的。而这个中心意思往往由一个句子来概括。这个能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主题句。因此，理解一个段落或一篇文章的中心意思首先要学会寻找主题句。在一篇短文或一个段落中，大部分主题句的情况有四种： （1）主题句在段首或篇首。主题句在段首或篇首的情况相当普遍。一般新闻报道、说明文、议论文大都采用先总述，后分述的叙事方法。 例如：xxx省英语中考试题阅读材料B的第一段：All living things on the earth need other livi
6、ng things to live. Nothing lives alone. Most animals must live in a group, and even a plant grows close together with others of the same kind. Sometimes one living thing kills another, one eats and the other is eaten. Each kind of life eats another kind of life in order to live, and together they fo
7、rm a food chain(食物链). Some food chains become broken up if one of the links disappears 59. Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage?A. Animals B. Plants C. Food Chains D. Living Things（2）主题句在段末或篇末。用归纳法写文章时，往往表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此结尾。这种位于段末或篇末的主题句往往是对前面细节的总结，归纳或结论。例如：xxx
8、省中考试题阅读材料A的最后一段：If you buy some well-made clothes, you can save money because they can last longer. They look good even after they have been washed many times. Sometimes some clothes cost more money, but it does not mean that they are always better made, or they always fit better. In other words, so
9、me less expensive clothes look and fit better than more expensive clothes.（3）主题句在短文中间通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出,而后又作进一步的解释, 支撑或发展。例1：Just as I settle down to read or watch television, he demands that I play with him. If I get a telephone call, he screams in the background or knocks somethi
10、ng over. I always have to hang up to find out whats wrong with him. Baby-sitting with my little brother is no fun. He refuses to let me eat a snack in peace. Usually he wants half of whatever I have to eat. Then, when he finally grows tired, it takes about an hour for him to fall asleep. 例2：For adul
11、ts a cold is not that serious. However, this is not the case for children. Cold symptoms in children may be sighs of more serious diseases and should be given prompt medical attention. （4）无主题句有时一篇文章里并没有明显的主题句。这时我们应该怎样来确定文章的主题或中心意思呢？其实这也不难。我们可以首先找出每一段的中心意思，各段的中心意思往往都是围绕一个中心来展开的，或者说是来说明一个问题的。这个中心或这个问题
12、就是这篇文章的主题或中心意思。请看xxx省中考试题阅读理解A:Killer bees started in Brazil 1957. A scientist in Sao Paulo wanted bees to make more honey（蜂蜜). So he put forty-six African bees with some Brazilian bees. The bees bred(繁殖) and made a new kind of bees. But the new bees were a mistake. They didnt want to make more hone
13、y. They wanted to attack. Then, by accident, twenty-six African bees escaped and bred with the Brazilian bees outside.Scientists could not control（控制) the problem. The bees increased fast. They went from Brazil to Venezuela. Then they went to Central America. Now they are in North America. They trav
14、el about 390 miles a year. Each group of bees grows four times a year. This means one million new groups every five years. Why are people afraid of killer bees? People are afraid for two reasons. First, the bees sting（叮) many more times than usual bees. Killer bees can sting sixty times a minute non
15、stop for two hours. Second, killer bees attack in groups. Four hundred bee stings can kill a person.Already several hundred people are dead. Now killer bees are in Texas. In a few years they will reach all over the United States. People can do nothing but wait. 在这篇短文的后面就出了一道这样的阅读理解题：59. The best title of the passage is _.A. How to make more honey B. Killer beesC. A foolish scientist D. How to feed killer bees（二）考查根据上下文猜测生词的含义的能力。在阅读的时候，常常会遇到一些生词，影响我们的阅读速度，其实大部分生词的意思都可以通过上下文的关系猜出来，此类猜测词义的题目要求考生根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。1、题干表现形式：(1) The word “ ” in the passage probably means _.(2) The underlined
