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1、专题二十 句子成分及简单句的五种基本结构分析全国各省市近5年中考真题可知，中考对句子成分和简单句的五种基本结构的考查比重较大。句子成分主要包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语和同位语，主要出现在单项选择题和书面表达中。因此在中考复习阶段，我们一定要掌握基本的句式结构。 1、 句子成分的定义一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语和补语。句子成分是在句子中起一定功用的组成部分，包括主、谓、宾、定、状、补、表等。句子本身的结构是很简单的，只不过是结构套结构。英语句子成分和英语句子结构。英语句子成分分七种：主语、谓语、宾
2、语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。1、主语：句子的主体，全句述说的对象。回答是“谁”或者“什么”。一般由名词、代词、不定式、动名词或从句担当，位于句首。如：The boy needs a pen. Smoking is bad for you = To smoke is bad for you 2、谓语：说明主语的动作或状态。回答“做(什么)”。由动词或系动词加表语担任，常置于主语后。如：The train leaves at 6 oclock.She is reading.3、宾语：表示动作的对象。回答做的是“什么”。一般由名词或代词担当，常置于谓语后。如：He won the game.
3、He likes playing computer.注意：1) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物（直接宾语）,一个指人（间接宾语）。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信)2) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)4、表语：用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。一般由名词或形容词担任，置于系动词或be动词之后。如：He is a student.We are tired.注意：除了be
4、系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，1)表感官的动词: feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。2)表转变变化的动词: become, get, grow, turn, go等。3)表延续的动词: remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。5、定语：对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。如：The black bike is mine.（形容词）The boy in blue is Jim.（介词短语）I have nothing to do today.（动词不定式）注意：1）当定语修饰不定代词如：no
5、thing , anything , everything , something等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语。例如： I tell him something interesting.2）不定式、短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。例如：The boys who are in the room are playing games.6、状语：用以修饰动词、形容词、副词及全句，通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任位置灵活。1）修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；如：I am very sorry.2）表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首。如：In order t
6、o cheer him up, I told him the truth. They are writing English in the classroom.3）一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。如：We often help him. He is always late for class.7、补语：补充说明宾语怎么样或干什么,。由n./adj./介宾/分词/不定式等担任。常位于宾语后。如：He made me sad.（形容词）She asks me to take an umbrella.（不定式）
7、The war made him a soldier.（名词）I find him at home.（介词短语）I saw a cat running along the wall.（分词）8、同位语：通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。如：Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy. I myself will do the experiment.She is the oldest among them six.2、 简单句的五种基本句型英语的句子结构：简单句、并列句和复合句。几个简单句用分号或并列连词连接起来
8、构成并列句;几个简单句可通过各种方式组合成含有主句和从句 的复合句。基本句型1 + （主谓）此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。（不及物动词）1.Time2.Themoon3.Themanflies.rose.cook.基本句型2 + + （主系表） 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思这类动词叫做连系动词。（系动词）1.This2.Thedinner3.Heissmells(闻)fellanEnglish
9、-Chinesedictionary.good.happy. 基本句型3 + + （主谓宾） 此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。（实义动词）1.Who2.Sheknowslaughattheanswer?her.基本句型4 + +IO +（主谓间宾直宾）此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。She lent me a book.-She lent a book to me.基本句
10、型5 + + +（主谓宾宾补） 此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。1Teenagers allowed to drive .A. should not be B. should be not C. not should be2Peter is a good doctor.A. 宾语 B. 表语 C. 谓语 D. 状语3I think _ necessary _ to take more exercise.A. it; for Jim and me B. its; to Jim and meC. t
11、hat; for Jim and I D. thats; to Jima and I4-_healthy, you should eat _and exercise more.-I cant agree with you more.A.Keep,more B.To keep,less C.To keep,fewer D.Keeping,less5Can you lend me the novel _ the other day?A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked abo
12、ut6Our teachers think Jim the best student. The sentence structure is _A.S+V+DO B. S+V C. S+V+P D. S+V+DO+OC7You will find _ useful to learn even a little English.A. it B. it was C. that D. this8Its too hotWould you mind the door? ,please do it nowAto open, Ok Bopening, Certainly Cto open, Good idea
13、 Dopening, Of course not9_ do you have a test in school? Every weekAHow often BHow long CHow soon DHow far110It is selfless the most beautiful teacherYang Xiangming to lose his life the child in the river.I think so, he is so great.A. for; to save B. of; to save C. for; to saving D. of; to saving11W
14、hat do you think of tomorrows football match?_difficult for us_ the match.A. Were, to win B.Were, winning C. Its, to win D. Its, winning12It _the job yesterday.A.took me two hours to finish. B.cost me two hours to finishC.spent me two hours finishing D.took me two hours finishing13He often gives me some advice.The sentence structure is_.A. S+V+P B. S+V
