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1、2012届中考英语专题复习九:定语从句的考点讲解和训练【考点扫描】中考对定语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面:1 定语从句的功用和结构2 关系代词和关系副词的功用3 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句。【名师精讲】 一. 定语从句的功用和结构 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如:This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.Do
2、you know everybody who came to the party?I still remember the night when I first came to the village?This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.二. 关系代词和关系副词的功用 关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语,宾语,定语,关系副词可作状语。1. 作主语:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如:I
3、 dont like people who talk much but do little.The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.2. 作宾语:She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.3. 作定语关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如:Whats the name of the young man w
4、hose sister is a doctor?The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.4. 作状语Ill never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.This is the house where I was born.三. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法1. who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。例如:The person who broke the window must pay for it.The boy who is wearing the black jacke
5、t is very clever.2. whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语。例如:Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate?Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.3. whose 指人,在定语从句中作定语。例如:The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.I know the boy whose father is a professor.4. which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如:A dictionary is a boo
6、k which gives the meaning of words.Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.5. that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如:Ive read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?6. when 指时间,在定语从句中作状语。例如: Ill never forget the time wh
7、en we worked on the farm. He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.7. where 指地点,在定语从句中作状语。例如: This is the house where we lived last year. The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.四. 关系代词 whom, which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定
8、语从句的后面,如:That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room which we had lived in for ten years. 五. 具体使用时还要注意下列问题:1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情况:(1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如: All that he said is true. (2) 先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如: He is th
9、e only foreigner that has been to that place. (3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如:He was the second (person) that told me the secret.(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。This is the best book (that) I have read this year.(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如:He talked about the people and the things he remembered.2. 只能用which,不用that 的情况:(1
10、) 在非限制性定语从中。例如: The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted. (2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时。例如: The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.【中考范例】 1.-Does the teacher know everybody _ planted the trees? -Yes, he does. A. which B. whose C. where D. who 【解析】答案:D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系
11、代词的选择。因为先行词是人,而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语,所以只有who合适。 2. The letter _ I received from him yesterday is very important. A. who B. where C. what D. that 【解析】答案:D。该题考查的是定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是物,而关系代词在定语从句中作宾语,所以只有that合适。 3-Where is the scientist _ gave us the talk yesterday? -He has gone back to Qinghua University. A.
12、whom B. who C. whose D. which 【解析】答案:B。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人,而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语,所以只有who合适。4.I hate people _ talk much but do little. A. whose B. whom C. which D. who 【解析】答案:D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人,而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语,所以只有who合适。【满分演练】一. 单项填空1. -Who is the man _ was talking to our English teach
13、er? -Oh! Its Mr Baker, our maths teacher. A. he B. that C. whom D. which2. I hate the people _ dont help others when they are in trouble. A. who B. which C. they D. where3. The foreigner _ visited our school is from Canada. A. which B. when C. who D. whom4. George Mallory was an English school teach
14、er _ loved climbing. A. who B. whom C. he D. which5. This is the place _I have ever visited. A. there B. when C. where D. which6. Nobody knows the reason _ she didnt come to the meeting. A. that B. which C. why D. when7. The moon is a world _ there is no life. A. that B. which C. where D. why8. He h
15、as forgotten the day _ he arrived. A. when B. where C. that D. which9. He still remembers the days _ he spent with your family. A. when B. where C. that D. on which10. Mr. White, _ car had been stolen, came to the policeman. A. who B. that C. whose D. which11. He got to the village _ his family once lived before lib