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1、词汇专项训练（一）“教书先生”恐怕是市井百姓最为熟悉的一种称呼，从最初的门馆、私塾到晚清的学堂，“教书先生”那一行当怎么说也算是让国人景仰甚或敬畏的一种社会职业。只是更早的“先生”概念并非源于教书，最初出现的“先生”一词也并非有传授知识那般的含义。孟子中的“先生何为出此言也？”；论语中的“有酒食，先生馔”；国策中的“先生坐，何至于此？”等等，均指“先生”为父兄或有学问、有德行的长辈。其实国策中本身就有“先生长者，有德之称”的说法。可见“先生”之原意非真正的“教师”之意，倒是与当今“先生”的称呼更接近。看来，“先生”之本源含义在于礼貌和尊称，并非具学问者的专称。称“老师”为“先生”的记载，首见于
2、礼记?曲礼，有“从于先生，不越礼而与人言”，其中之“先生”意为“年长、资深之传授知识者”，与教师、老师之意基本一致。I唐宋或更早之前，针对“经学”“律学”“算学”和“书学”各科目，其相应传授者称为“博士”，这与当今“博士”含义已经相去甚远。而对那些特别讲授“武事”或讲解“经籍”者，又称“讲师”。“教授”和“助教”均原为学官称谓。前者始于宋，乃“宗学”“律学”“医学”“武学”等科目的讲授者；而后者则于西晋武帝时代即已设立了，主要协助国子、博士培养生徒。“助教”在古代不仅要作入流的学问，其教书育人的职责也十分明晰。唐代国子学、太学等所设之“助教”一席，也是当朝打眼的学官。至明清两代，只设国子监（国
3、子学）一科的“助教”，其身价不谓显赫，也称得上朝廷要员。至此，无论是“博士”“讲师”，还是“教授”“助教”，其今日教师应具有的基本概念都具有了。 词汇测试“师”之概念，大体是从先秦时期的“师长、师傅、先生”而来。其中“师傅”更早则意指春秋时国君的老师。说文解字中有注曰：“师教人以道者之称也”。“师”之含义，现在泛指从事教育工作或是传授知识技术也或是某方面有特长值得学习者。“老师”的原意并非由“老”而形容“师”。“老”在旧语义中也是一种尊称，隐喻年长且学识渊博者。“老”“师”连用最初见于史记，有“荀卿最为老师”之说法。慢慢“老师”之说也不再有年龄的限制，老少皆可适用。只是司马迁笔下的“老师”当然
4、不是今日意义上的“教师”，其只是“老”和“师”的复合构词，所表达的含义多指对知识渊博者的一种尊称，虽能从其身上学以“道”，但其不一定是知识的传播者。今天看来，“教师”的必要条件不光是拥有知识，更重于传播知识。 i)从下面每小题的A、B、C三个选项中选出可以替换划线部分的最佳选项。()1. It will probably rain. Look, there are dark clouds in the sky.Then lets go home quickly. I am afraid we will get wet.A. finallyB. possibly C. completely()2
5、. How cheerful you are! Is there any good news?Yes. We are going to have a school trip next Saturday.A. happyB. sad C. friendly()3. What a smart dog! It follows you everywhere.Yes. It can also find the way home alone. A. weakB.strong C. clever()4. Oh, I forget to take the umbrella. Now it is raining
6、 heavily.Dont worry. I think it will stop soon.A. dont remember B. dont plan C dont want()5. I think our friendship will remain forever. Yes, it will.A. workB.last C. finish()6. I am going to go on holiday. Would you like to go with me?Yes, Td love to. I also want to make myself relaxed.A. take a tr
7、ipB.go to bed C. take a photo()7. Can you go to school by yourself, Lily? Yes, I can.A. in factB. without help C. on your own()8. Nancy comes from England, right?No. She is an American.A. is awayB. lives in C. is fromii)根据句子意思，从下面每小题的A、B、C三个选项选出当的词语完成句子。()9. To _ something with a person is to talk a
8、bout something with him or her.A. discuss B. play C. hear()10. If you complete the work_, you finish the work at last.A. successfullyB.finally C. happily()11. The plane takes off at ten in the morning, so I have to arrive at the_ at eight.I see. Have a good time in Beijing.A. airport B.station C. ga
9、rden()12. What does the word_?I don91 know. We can look it up in the dictionary.A. meanB.tick C. provide()13. Mom，can we have a_?Yes. But you have to take good care of it.A. machineB.trip C. pet()14. Trees can_ harmful gases.Yes. They are very important to us.A. take onB.take in C. take down()15.My
10、father is always_ my studies.He wants you to be an excellent student. A. strict aboutB.interested in C. surprised atII词汇测试i)从下面每小题的A、B、C三个选项中选出可以替换划线部分的最佳选项。 ()1. The major problem is how to finish the work in such a short time.I agree. I think we need more people to do it together.A. big and import
11、ant B. easy and large C. big and traditional()2. Lets go shopping in the big store!Good idea!A. cinema B. shop C. restaurant()3. She is an excellent student in our class. So she is.A. a very badB. a very boring C. a very good()4. How can we save these valuable plants? The good way is to give them a
12、better place to grow.A. make . safeB. make . beautiful C. make . useful()5. Eating too much junk food is harmful to your health.Well, I will try to eat less.A. good forB. bad for C. fresh to()6. What are your brothers and your favourite sports? My brother likes playing basketball. I prefer table ten
13、nis.A. like . betterB. make . clean C. protect. well()7. Dont give up your dream, and you will make it.Its really hard for me.A. attendB. begin C. stop()8. Take care of your fish when I am not at home.I will, Mom.A. Look afterB. Be careful of C. Throw awayii)根据句子意思，从下面每小题的A、B、C三 个选项选出恰当的词语完成句子。()9.
14、If you want to know someones_, you want to know where he or she lives.A. dreamB. address C. programme()10. If you_ a picture, you think about it in your mind.A. drawB. enjoy C. imagine()11. You bought some new_.Yes. Because I want to make my new house perfect.A. furnitureB. energy C. clothes()12. Th
15、e desk is too heavy. I cant_ it into the house.Let me help you!A. addB, lead C. carry()13. Listen to me carefully in class. Dont_.Sorry, Mr Zhang.A. tidy upB. look around C. throw away()14. My grandpa is good at_. He often makes people laugh.Well, I think he is a cheerful old man.A. swimmingB. telling jokes C. playing cards()15. What is Xian_?Its lo
