成人高考-备考辅导-成人英语辅导讲义一.docx

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1、成人英语辅导讲义一一、时态和语态前言考试题型及考试重点:考试题型:有五种题型:1、阅读理解;2、词汇和语法;3、挑错;4、英译汉;5、汉译英。从英语学习的一般规律来看,在英语学习的初级阶段,一般说来,要把语法放在非常重要的地位。因为语法作为语言的规则,是构成语言的框架,没有规则不成方圆。在三级考试中,语法和词汇中的语法要占到1520道题,在第三题的改错中全部考的是语法,语法的考察在3035之间。因此,要求我们在做三级试题的时候必须拿下2830道题。语法的考试点及考试规律:(1)三级考试所考察的语法只是一些语法的规则。(2)考试具有重复性。(3)语法考试的普遍性:在所有这些语法中,每年都会涉及到

2、一些不是非常重要的语法。要求大家必须做到的:(1)听懂课堂上所讲的内容(2)熟悉语法的规则(3)会做后面的练习。(一)时态英语中一共有16种时态:一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时,以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。但从92年以来的考题统计来看,时态考题中,考查将来完成时最多,时态考查的次序依次为:将来完成时 过去完成时 现在完成进行时 现在完成时。先看以下各题:(1)Were late.I expect the film by the time we get to the cinema.(1992.6)A.had already startedB.will already hav

3、e startedC.have already startedD.have already been started(2)When the mixture it will give off a powerful force.(1992.6)A.will heatB.will be heatedC.is heatedD.has heated(3)English in a new way at my college in the past few years.(1992.6)A.has been teachingB.was being taughtC.has been taughtD.had be

4、en taught(4)Smith is to study medicine as soon as he military service.(1993.6)A.will finishB.has finishedC.finishD.would finish(5)All the machines by the end of following week.(1993.6)A.were repairedB.will be repairedC.have been repairedD.will have been repaired(6)He the army for ten years and is no

5、w an officer.(1995.6)A.has gone intoB.has joined inC.has been inD.has come into(7)About the sixth century A.D when few Europeans could read, the Chinese paper.(1997.6)A.inventedB.had inventedC.have inventedD.had been invented(8)I on the door for ten minutes now without an answer.(1998.6)A.was knocki

6、ngB.am knockingC.knockingD.have been knocking(9)When I went to visit Mrs.Smith last week, I was told she two days before.(.11)A.has leftB.was leavingC.would leaveD.had left(10)Since he left the university, he _ in an accounting company.A.has been workingB.had workedC.had been workingD.was working答案B

7、CDBD CBDDA评析1、以上试题对时态的考查可以分为两部分内容,一部分是与条件状语从句和时间状语从句中的时态有关,如(2)和(4);另一部分是与完成时态有关,其余各题便是如此。2、一般在时间、条件和让步状语从句中用一般现在时表示一般将来,用现在完成时表示将来完成,用一般过去时表示过去将来。如(2)和(4)。(2)When the mixture it will give off a powerful force.(1992.6)A.will heatB.will be heatedC.is heatedD.has heated答案:C(4)Smith is to study medicin

8、e as soon as he military service.(1993.6)A.will finishB.has finishedC.finishD.would finish答案:B3、现在完成时有两种用法,一种表示过去发生,但对现在有影响的动作或状态,常和in the past years,this year, so far,up to now,yet等表示非确定性过去的时间状语连用,如(3)。(3)English in a new way at my college in the past few years.(1992.6)A.has been teachingB.was bein

9、g taughtC.has been taughtD.had been taught答案:C再如:I have been to Beijing many times.They have already published the results of the experiments.同时,注意上句中副词already的位置。现在完成时的另外一种用法是:表示从过去某个时间开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态,如(6):(6)He the army for ten years and is now an officer.(1995.6)A.has gone intoB.has joined inC.ha

10、s been inD.has come into答案:C同时,还要注意这道试题反映出来的另外一个问题:在完成时态中,终止性动词不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用,而表示状态或动作持续的谓语动词必须与表示一段时间的状语连用。4、过去完成时表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。就是我们常说的:表示“过去的过去发生的动作或状态”,如(7)。(7)About the sixth century A.D when few Europeans could read, the Chinese paper.(1997.6)A.inventedB.had inventedC.have in

11、ventedD.had been invented答案:B5、将来完成时态表示到将来某个时间为止已经完成的动作。如(1)和(5)。(1)Were late.I expect the film by the time we get to the cinema.(1992.6)A.had already startedB.will already have started.C.have already startedD.have already been started答案:B(5)All the machines by the end of following week.(1993.6)A.we

12、re repairedB.will be repairedC.have been repairedD.will have been repaired答案:D再如:Its reported that by the end of the month the output of cement in the factory _ about 10%.A.will have risenB.has risenC.will be risingD.has been rising答案:A6、与现在完成时不同,现在完成进行时则表示某个动作从过去持续到现在,并且仍在进行,如(8)和(10)。(8)I on the d

13、oor for ten minutes now without an answer.(1998.6)A.was knockingB.am knockingC.knockingD.have been knocking答案:D(10)Since he left the university, he _ in an accounting company.A.has been workingB.had workedC.had been workingD.was working答案:A再如:We have been working on this project for over a month now

14、.考试策略(1)根据时间状语选择时态,特别是完成时的时间状语一般表示“到为止”,以“by”短语居多。如果句中的时间状语是由by引出的短语或从句,谓语动词一般用完成时态,如:By the time we got there, the fire had already been put out.Well have completed the task by the time you come back.(2)如果没有时间状语,那就根据试题中出现的动作发生的顺序做出判断。(3)注意特殊句型中的时态,如:hardly/scarcely when 和no sooner thanHardly had I

15、put down the receiver when the telephone rang again.我刚放下话筒,电话又响了。No sooner had they got to know the news than they went to the bar to enjoy a drink.他们一得到消息,他们就去酒吧喝酒了。祈使句表示一种条件,第二个分句中一般要用will表示在这种条件下可能发生的事情。如:Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _ advertisements showing happy families.A.are often seeingB.often seeC.will often seeD.have often seen答案:C但是,本题中often的使用可能会造成一定的迷惑。这就要求考生对各种时态的表达方式,以及其作用了解清楚。will可以表

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