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1、上海高考英语备考训练上海高考英语题型训练: 写作2020高三第一学期期末质量抽查IV. Summary Writing （10 分）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point（s）of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.松江It goes without saying that the language spoken by the majority of B
2、ritish people has the same name as the language spoken by most citizens of the U.S.A. Nonetheless, quite apart from well-documented lexical （词汇的）differences - pavement/sidewalk, lift/elevator, etc. - there are still some words and phrases which can cause confusion and misunderstanding between speake
3、rs of the two different forms. Thats why sonic people say that Great Britain and the United States are nations separated by a common language. There are practical reasons for this.When the first English settlers arrived in what we now call America, the language they spoke was naturally the same as t
4、hat spoken by their compatriots （同胞）on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean. However, they immediately saw things which didnt exist in Europe, often items used and made by Native Americans, such as canoes and moccasins and creatures such as buffalo. They also picked up words which they heard being u
5、sed by other European immigrants. The word boss”, for example, was used by settlers from Holland in New York in the mid-17th century. It comes from the Dutch word baas which means master. The word cookie also comes from the Dutch koekje”.There are many words, phrases and even grammatical structures
6、which are mistaken for Americanisms （美式英语用语）in Britain when they are nothing of the sort. Very often, they represent not an American import, but an original form of British English which has disappeared in Britain. The verbs guess” meaning think and “loan” meaning lend and the adjective mad meaning
7、angry are frequently criticized as Americanisms, yet they all appeared in British English hundreds of years ago. In the case of “loan”, it was used as long ago as 1,200 years! In fact, English spoken in the UK has changed so thoroughly in the last 500 years that American English now represents the l
8、ast place where some original British English forms can be found.参考答案：Although American English and British English are the same language, there are great differences. Two reasons account for the phenomenon. New words were created after the first English settlers in America saw new things and learne
9、d words from other Europeans. Additionally, some original expressions have been changed by British people while they are still being used by Americans. 崇明Giving ThanksThis is the season for taking the time to reflect on what were thankful for in life. Spending that time with friends and family to gi
10、ve thanks is what makes the holidays so special. But why should we limit it to just a few weeks in the years? Gratitude is a muscle we should strengthen year-round to make us healthier, happier humans and leaders.Emmons, through his research, found that grateful people reported feeling healthier, bo
11、th mentally and physically. Specifically, those who were grateful were 25 percent happier than those who werent. In the workplace, well-being is a crucial topic when it comes to preventing employee burn-out and promoting engagement. Beyond the research that shows that employees who arc shown that th
12、ey arc appreciated arc more productive by 50 percent, caring for your employees well-being is simply the right thing to do. Providing programs that support managing lifes everyday challenges, offering fitness classes or implementing flexible work schedules are just a few things that, when paired wit
13、h gratitude, can lead to more productive, engaged and happier working professionals.Working in an ever-evolving, fast-paced industry, I am surrounded by ambitious people who are always striving for more and better. Gratitude challenges yon to reflect in the moment instead of always thinking about th
14、e future. It starts by paying attention to whats going on in your life, and that true self-awareness is a key ingredient to being successful in your career.Gratitude is a powerful tool for strengthening relationships, both at work and in your personal life. People who express their gratitude tend to
15、 be more willing to forgive others and therefore able to create long-lasting connections.The old saying goes “Its never too late to say youre sorry,” but the same is true of gratitude. Thats a gift worth celebrating 365 days a year. 参考答案：We should show gratitude year-round as it is beneficial to bot
16、h our personal and professional life. First, it helps our physical and mental health and makes us happier, thus promoting production at work. Second, it makes us more self-aware, which can contribute to career success. Lastly，it makes us more likely to forgive others and helps build strong relationships. (59 words)虹口 The Zeigarnik Effect Have you ever found yourself thinking about a partially finishe
