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1、Period 3 Grammar学习目标1. wish表虚拟；Grammar Subjunctive (1)2. wish+宾语从句表示不能实现的愿望。重难点1. 使用wish 表达过去或现在的遗憾。2. 虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法。预习案I.语法自学Step 1. Functionwish+宾语从句表示不能实现的愿望：虚拟现在，谓语动词用过去时；虚拟过去，谓语动词用过去完成时；虚拟将来，谓语动词用“would/could+动词原型”。How I wish I hadnt missed such a wonderful performance!I wish I were as rich as
2、you.I wish you would go with me.Step 2. Grammar Subjunctive (1)英语中有两种条件句：真实条件句和非真实条件句。真实条件句表示提出的假设完全可以成为现实，谓语动词用陈述语气。非真实条件句表示所提出的假设实现的可能性极小或与事实相反，谓语动词用虚拟语气。虚拟语气也可表示愿望，请求及建议等。1. 虚拟语气用语条件从句的结构虚拟情况 虚拟条件句 主句与过去事实相反的虚拟语气If+主语+had +过去分词主语+should/would/could/might +have+过去分词与现在事实相反的虚拟语气If+主语+动词的过去式（be动词用we
3、re）主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形与将来事实相反的虚拟语气If+主语+动词的过去式（be动词用were）If +主语+were to+动词原型If +主语+should+动词原型主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形例如：1. If he had had enough money then, he would have bought that dictionary.2. If they had not studied hard, they would have failed in the exam.3. If we had caug
4、ht the first bus, we might have arrived now.4. If it were you, I would give up smoking.5. If he had time, he would come to help you.6. If she had money, she might lend you some.7. If it should snow tomorrow, we could have a snowball fight.8. If I were to go to the moon some day, I could see the surf
5、ace of the moon with my own eyes.9. If you missed the film tonight, you would feel sorry for it.2. 使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点：（1）混合（错综）型虚拟条件句当条件从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综虚拟条件句”或“混合虚拟条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整，根据其实际的时间概念来确定。If you had had my advice just now, you would be better now.If I were you, I would h
6、ave taken his advice.(2) 虚拟语气中 if的 省略在if虚拟条件句中有should, had,或were时，可省略 if,把were, had, should 提到主语前面，变为倒装句式。Should it snow tomorrow, we could have a snowball fight.Were I to go deep into the sea, I could see the bottom of it with my own eyes.Had you come earlier, you would have caught the bus.(3) 含蓄虚拟
7、条件句有时，假设的情况不通过条件句表示出来，而通过介词短语，上下文或其他方式表现出来。有以下几种情况： without, with, but for等引导的虚拟语气。Without water, there would be no life.With your help, we might finish the task earlier .But for your help, I wouldnt have passed the exam. or, otherwise, but 或通过上下文表示等引导的虚拟语气。You didnt come yesterday, or you would hav
8、e seen him.He was busy yesterday; otherwise, he would have come to the party.Five minutes earlier and you could have met her at the station.Any man in his position would have done like that.(4) 在If it were not for或If it had been not for句型中的虚拟语气。If it were not for music, life would be dull.If it had
9、not been for my brothers help, I would not have finished the task.3. 虚拟语气在其它句型中的运用(1) as if/as though 引导的方式状语从句。如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，从句谓语动词用过去完成时；指现在情况，则用一般过去时；指将来情况则用过去将来时。He orders me about as if I were his servant. 他处处使唤我，好像我是他的仆人。He was shaking with fright as if he had seen a ghost.It rained and raine
10、d, as if it would never stop.(2) even if/even though等引导的让步状语从句。让步状语从句指事实时，从句谓语动词用陈述语气。若从句内容表示现在和将来假设的情况，从句谓语动词用虚拟语气。其谓语动词变化同虚拟条件句。I should say the same thing even if he were here.Even if he had been there, he couldnt have solved the problem.Even if he should fail, there would be still hope.(3) 在It i
11、s (high/about) time (that) 句型中，后面谓语动词用过去时，或“should+动词原型”，should 不可省略，意为“该是的时候了”。It is (high/about) time that children went / should go to school.(4) if only 引导的感叹句。与现在事实相反，谓语动词用过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时；与将来事实相反用“would/could +动词原型”，意为“若是那多好啊；要是就好了”。I dread the coming exams. If only I could have time to revie
12、w my lesson.If only I had taken his advice.II检测反馈1. _ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race.A. IfB. SinceC. ThoughD. When2. How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden.A. hasB. will haveC. hadD. had had3. If the present unemployment _ continue, the society would f
13、ace a more difficultsituation.A. wouldB. should C. mightD. could4. -She didnt take her medicine last night, did she?-_.A. No, but I wish she wouldntB. Yes, I wish she didC. No, but I wish she hadD. Yes, but I wish she took5. -Did you listen to the lecture made by Professor- I really wished _ it, but
14、 I was quite busy.A. to attend B. attending C. to be attended D. to have attended6. If you came tomorrow, we _ the meeting.A. will haveB. had C. would have D. would have had7. If he _ today, I would tell him the news.A. comesB. will comeC. is comingD. came8. If I were in your position, I _ the job.A
15、. will takeB. would takeC. takeD. took9. If Tom _ harder next time, he would pass the examination.A. tried B. would have tried C. will tryD. is trying10. If it _ tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.A. is to rainB. were to rainC. rains D. is raining11. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _.A. have survivedB. are to survive C. would survive D. will survi
