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1、被动语态定义: 语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成，则用被动语态。如： His car is made in America. My wallet was stolen. 1.结构 be + vt. p.p.(动词的过去分词) 也就是 “be done”. 各种时态的变化主要反在助动词“be” 上 。2. 各种时态的被动结构：一般现在时态：am/is/are +过去分词 一般将来时态：will + be+过去分词现在进行时态：am/is/are +being +过去分词现在完成时态：have
2、/has + been +过去分词一般过去时态：was/were +过去分词过去进行时态：was/were + being +过去分词过去将来时： would + be +过去分词过去完成时态：had + been +过去分词情态动词： 情态动词+be +过去分词3.何时用被动语态a) 不知道或没必要知道动作的执行者。 Such books are written for children.b)不便或不愿说出动作的执行者。 The plan was generally considered impractical.c)突出动作的承受者或动作的承受者是谈话中心。 She is respected
3、 by all the workers of the factory.4. 不用被动语态的情况1）以下动词不用被动语态： last, happen, occur, take place, come about, break out, consist of, date from/date back toThe car was belonged to my father. ()The story was happened in 1934. ()2）连系动词不用被动语态：如 look, sound, smell, feel, taste, become, remain, keep, stay, ge
4、t, turn, growThe music is sounded beautiful. ()He remains young. ()5.特殊情况 （考试重点 ）1）感官动词( taste ; feel ; smell ; sound ; look )用主动形式表示被动。 How sweet the music sounds ! Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth .2）sell 、wash、 write、read、open、 wear 、 weigh、measure、 在表示主语内在品质和属性时也常用主动形式表被动意义。尤其是有副词 well,
5、easily时。The book sells well . ( 这本书销路很好。 ) The cloth washes easily. ( 这钟布料很好洗。 ) The door will not open . ( 这扇门就是打不开。 ) The sign reads as follows . ( 这牌子告示如下。) The road measures 20m wide.(这条路量起来有20米宽。) 3）want(需要), need, require, deserve, be worth等后用动名词表被动。The desk needs repairing. The film is worth
6、seeing.注意：need后可接动名词表被动，又可接动词不定式的被动形式。但若有附加成分有用动词不定式的被动形式。比较：The desk needs repairing.The desk needs to be repaired.4) 注意动名词的被动形式，（being done) Nobody likes being laughed of. 没人喜欢被嘲笑。5）不定式to blame用作表语，通常用主动表被动。6）“主语+be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。这类形容词常见的有： convenient, comfortable, dangerous, dif
7、ficult, hard, easy, interesting, nice, pleasant, safe, t等。7）不定式用于某些动词(如： have, want, need等)的宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。1. The Chinese food _ to be the healthiest in the world. A. considers B. is considering C. is considered D. has considered 2. John _ , for he went swimming yesterday wit
8、hout permission. A. would punished B. had punished C. punished D. was punished3. - Have you moved into the new house ?- Not yet. All the rooms _. A. are painting B. are painted C. are being painting D. are being painted4. Mr. Wu was in hospital. When we went to see him , he _on . A. operated B. was
9、operated C. was operating D. was being operated 5. The new school _ when the new term begins. A. finishes B. will finish C. will be finished D. would finish6. The old scientist said that he _ to visit their country before long . A. invited B. had invited C. was inviting D. would be invited 7. With t
10、he help of the Hope Project, more and more new schools _ in the poor area. A. built B. have built C. have been built D. have been building8. He came out and told us that the work _.A. finished B. was finished C. had been finished. D had finished9. VOA _ easily if you use a short wave radio. A. can pick up B. pick up C. picked up D. can be picked up 10. Great changes _ in the city and a lot of factories _.A. have been taken place; have been set upB. have taken place; have been set upC. are taken place; are set upD. were taken place; were set up5实 用 文 档
