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1、代词专题每年中考对代词的考查都占比较大的比重，通常集中在不定代词，其变化的多样性是考查的重点。1、 代词的定义和分类 代词是代替名词，形容词和数词的词，按其意义、特征及在句子中的作用可分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、疑问代词、不定代词、相互代词、和关系代词等。部分代词如下表所示： 单数人称代词物主代词反身代词主格宾格 形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词I me my mine myself you you your yours yourself hehim his his himself she her her hers herself itit its its itself复数we
2、us our ours ourselves you you your yours yourselves they them their theirs themselves 2、 代词的用法： 1. 人称代词 （1）人称代词有主格和宾格之分，通常主格做主语，宾格做宾语。 （2）人称代词还可作表语，做表语时用宾格。如： -Whos knocking on the door? -Its me(做表语). （3）人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。如： He is older than me. He is older than I (am). 2. 物主代词 表示所属关
3、系的代词叫做物主代词。物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两类。其用法如下。 （1）形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中做定语。如： This is her pencil-box. (2) 名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句子中可以做主语、宾语和表语。如： Our school is here, and theirs is there. Johns car doesnt work. You can use mine. Is this English book yours(做表语)？ 3. 指示代词 指示代词包括this, that, these, those. (1) thi
4、s 和 these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的人或事物，that和those则指时间或空间上较远的人或事物。如： This is a pen and that is a pencil. We are busy these days. In those days the workers had a hard time. (2) 有时that和those指前面讲过的事物，this和these则指下面要讲到的事物。如： I had a cold. Thats why I didnt come. I want to say this: reading is very important in lea
5、rning English.(3) 有时为了避免重复提到刚刚提到的名词，可用that或those替代。如： TV sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai. Those who speak English can volunteer their time to teach poor kids. (4) this 在电话用语中代表自己，that则代表对方。 Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack? 4. 反身代词 英语中反身代词表示“某人自己”的代词成为反身代词。反身代词可以在句子中
6、做宾语、表语、同位语。（1）做宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者。 He called himself a writer. (2) 做表语 It doesnt matter. Ill be myself soon. The girl in the news is herself. (3) 做主语或宾语的同位语，表示“亲自”，“本人”。如： I myself washed the clothes. (I washed the clothes (by) myself.) (4)用在固定短语中。如by myself, enjoy oneself, help oneself to, dress o
7、neself, lose oneself in, come to oneself. 5. 疑问代词 疑问代词用来构成特殊疑问句。 疑问代词主要有who, whom, whose, what, which等。 （1） who, what/ who 用于询问别人的姓名，身份或关系，what用于询问别人的职业。如： Who is that man over there? What does your father do?=What is your father? (2) Who, which /who 选择的对象没有范围限制， 回答可以指一人，也可以指几个人。Which选择的对象有范围的限制，回答通
8、常确定为一个。如： Who will go with me? Which of you will go with me? (3) What, which/ What 选择的范围没有限制，侧重于种类，而which表示在一定范围内选择，侧重于哪一个。如： What do you usually have for breakfast? Which would you like to have for breakfast, dumplings or noodles? (4)whose, whom /whose 是who的所有格，通常做定语或表语。而whom是who的宾格形式，通常用作宾语。如：whom
9、 are you waiting for? 6. 不定代词 不指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。不定代词在句子中可以做主语，表语，宾语，和定语。常见的不定代词有some, any, every, all, one, other, another, many, much, both, either, little, few以及由some, any, no, every加上one,body,thing构成的复合不定代词。 现将部分容易混淆的不定代词的用法说明如下。 (1) few，little，a little，a few few和little具有名词和形容词性质，在句子中可以用作主语，宾语
10、和定语等。Few与复数可数名词联用，little与不可数名词联用。Few和little表示否定，指“没有”，在反义疑问句中尤其要注意。a few 和a little 指有一些，相当于some。如： There is little time left, is there? I have a few good books. (2) many, much many 和much具有名词和形容词的性质，在句子中可做主语，宾语和定语。many用来代替或修饰复数可数名词，much用来代替或修饰不可数名词。many做主语时，动词用复数；much做主语时，动词用单数。如： There are many stud
11、ents on the playground. Much has been done by him. many可以放在复数可数名词比较级前。如：many more students much 可以放在不可数名词以及形容词、副词的比较级前。如：much more water, much healthier. (3) both, either, neither 这三个词都只是用于两者之间。both是指“两者都”，动词用复数，常用短语bothand如：Both Jim and Tom are from New Zealand. either 指“（两个中的）任意一个”，后面的谓语动词用单数。如： E
12、ither of the plans is dangerous. Both of the plans are dangerous. either 常用在eitheror结构中，动词形式跟据就近原则由or后面的名词决定。如： Either Lucy or Lily has the chance. Either 在否定句中还可以表示“也”。如： I cant make cakes. He cant, either. neither 表示（两者）都不，用法和either相同，常用在短语neithernor中，动词形式跟据就近原则由nor后面的名词决定。如： Neither my sister nor
13、 I am good at swimming. (4) other, another, the other, others, the others: 1) other作形容词时，修饰单数或复数名词。如I will come again some other days.我改日再来。2） another用于泛指三者以上的不定数目中的“另一个”，其所修饰的名词前不加冠词。如I dont want this one. Please give me another.我不想要这个，请给我另一个。 3） the other表示两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”，是特指。如There are six
14、people in the room.Four are girls, the other two are boys.房间里有六个人，四个是女孩，其余两个是男孩。 4） others用作代词，泛指“其他人”或“其他事物”。如，Some are singing and dancing, some are drawing ,others are climbing the hill.一些人在唱歌，跳舞，一些人在画画，还有一些人在爬山。 5） the others指整体中除去一部分后，剩余的全部。如 There are fifty-five students in our class. Thirty o
15、f us are girls. The others are boys.我们班有五十五名学生，三十人是女生，其余的是男生。 （5） each，every 两者区别如下： Each Every 可单独使用不可单独使用 可用作名词、形容词 仅用作形容词着重“个别”。如：each student每个学生 着重“全体”。如：every student 所有学生用于两者或两者以上的每一个人或事物用于三者或三者以上的人或事物 考点摘要： 人称代词的特殊用法： 1. it作主语，表示天气，时间，距离等。如： It often rains in my hometown in spring. Its about five oclock now. How far is it from here to your school? 2. It 还可以用作形式主语或形式宾语。如： It is difficult to finish so much homework. I think it easy to learn English. 选择题： 1 These are books. Yours are
