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1、(十)非谓语动词近几年对非谓语动词的考查主要是动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语及目的状语，动名词作主语、宾语、宾语补足语，及个别分词的用法。预计2016年中考对非谓语动词的考查，不定式仍是考查的热点。我们应该牢固掌握一些动词的固定搭配的用法。非谓语动词是一些特殊的动词，它们在句中不能单独作谓语，而有谓语以外的其他语法功能，在句子中不受主语的人称和数的限制，但仍有时态和语态的变化，也可以带宾语和状语，构成非谓语动词短语。非谓语动词分动词不定式、动名词和分词三种。动词不定式由“to动词原形”构成，有时在特殊情况下to可以省略。动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时也具有动词的部分特征，能充当主语
2、、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等成分。动名词由动词加ing构成，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。它们在句中作定语、状语、表语和补语。动词不定式功能例句主语To speak English well isnt an easy job.宾语They decided to change their mind.宾语补足语He helps the little girl to finish her homework every day.定语He is always the first to come and the last to leave.表语Our plan
3、is to set up another middle school for the children.状语目的Every morning he gets up very early to exercise.结果He returned home to learn his son had gone to the countryside.1不定式作宾语(1)一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would like，like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。如：Would you like to see a film th
4、is evening？你今晚想去看一场电影吗？(2)在find，think后面接不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。如：I find it easy to read English every day.我发现每天读英语很容易。(3)常见的一些不带to的动词不定式：why not do，had better(not) do，would rather do，could/would/will you please (not) do如：I would rather stay at home.我宁愿待在家里。2不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：Lucy
5、 asked him to turn down the radio. 露西让他将收音机的音量调低。tell，ask，want，allow，get，would like，encourage后面常接动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.我母亲鼓励我学日语。注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感(feel)、一帮(help)、二听(hear，listen to)、三让(let，make，have)、四看(look at，see，watch，notice)。但变被动语态时，必须加
6、上to。如：The boss made them work the whole night.老板让他们工作了一整夜。3不定式作定语(1)不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。(2)如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。如：There is nothing to worry about.没有什么可担心的。()1.(2015天津)My parents didnt allow me _ to the party.Ago Bto go Cgoes Dwent()2.(2015南充)Its necessary for us _ English
7、well.Ato learn Blearning Clearn Dlearns()3.(2015遂宁)They decided _ a bridge over the river.Abuild Bto buildCbuilding()4.(2015泰安)When you leave，please turn off the lights _ energy.Asave Bto saveCsaving Dsaved()5.(2015绵阳)The policeman told the children _ play in the street.Acant Bto notCdont Dnot to特殊结
8、构的不定式结构例句tooto结构She was too surprised to see how angry her father was.not不定式The teacher told the students not to play soccer on the road.疑问词不定式作主语How to solve the problem is very important.作宾语He didnt know what to say.作表语The question is where to find the water.for名词(代词的宾格)不定式It is necessary for us t
9、o learn from each other.of名词(代词的宾格)不定式It is very kind of you to help me with my English.1动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，其结构为：Itbeadj.(for/of sb.)动词不定式。如：To learn English well is useful.It is useful to learn English well.Its important for us to protect the environment.注意：在kind，good，nice，clev
10、er等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。Its very kind of you to help me.你帮助我真是太好啦。Its very clever of you to do like that.你那样做真是太聪明啦。2不定式常和疑问词what，which，when，where，how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如：The teacher is telling the students what to do.老师正告诉学生要做什么。He didnt know where to go.他不知道去哪里。(where to gowhere he should go)()6.(2015十
11、堰)His mother often tells him _ too much time playing games.Anot to spend Bdont spendCspends Dspending()7.(2015雅安)It is important _ people _ good manners.Afor；to learn Bof；to learnCfor；learn Dof；learn()8.(2015内江)In this school，the students are asked _ mobile phone.Anot to use Bnot usingCnot use Dto n
12、ot use()9.(2015青岛)The traffic signs warn people _ after drinking.Ato drive Bnot to driveCdriving Ddont drive()10.(2015自贡)I really dont know _ this question.It is too hard.Awhich to answerBhow to answerCwhat to answer动词ing形式功能例句主语Skating on the thin ice is dangerous.宾语I finished doing my homework.表语T
13、he nurses job is looking after the patients.定语She is reading in the reading room.宾语补足语He kept the machine running for ten hours.状语They went out of the classroom，talking and laughing.1英语中一些词后常跟动名词作宾语，初中阶段这类词有：finish(完成)，mind(介意)，be worth(值得)，be busy(忙于)，practice(练习)，have fun(玩得高兴)，feel like(想要)，be us
14、ed to(习惯于)，consider(考虑)，enjoy(喜欢)。2主语behappy(glad，pleased，angry，sorry，careful，ready等)to do sth.如：Im glad to see you again.我很高兴再次见到你。Im sorry to hear that.听到那个消息我感到遗憾。3几组动词接不定式及动名词辨析：(1)stop doing/stop to dostop doing sth.停止做某事stop to do sth.停止、中断做某事后去做另一件事(2)forget doing/forget to doforget doing sth.忘记做过某事(事情已做)forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事(事情没做)(3)remember doing/remember to doremember doing sth.记得做过某事(事情已做)remember to do sth.记着去做某事(事情没做)(4)try doing/try to dotry doing sth.尝试着去做某事try to do sth.设法或努力去做某事(5)go on doing/go on to d
