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1、Unit3Understandingeachother Grammarandusage Objectives TolearntoidentifyanunrealconditionalinasentenceTolearntheformsofunrealconditionalsTolearnwhentousetheunrealconditionalsTolearnhowtousetheunrealconditionals Unrealconditionals虚拟语气 Andyouprobablymuchsleepifyounearwhereaweddingreceptionwasbeingheld
2、 如果你住的地方离婚礼现场不远 你很可能睡不好 wouldn tget lived Unrealconditionals虚拟语气 语气 mood 也是动词的一种形式变化 它表示说话者对所指的动词或状态所持的态度 而且 在谓语动词上有所体现 语气可分为三种 陈述语气 祈使语气和虚拟语气 Introduction 虚拟语气 theSubjunctiveMood 是用来表示说话人所说的话不是事实 而是主观愿望 假使 建议 推测 纯粹的空想等 例1 Thesedoggiesaresleepingverysoundly 陈述语气 例2 Stoplaughing 祈使语气 Ifyoukeepbeating
3、melikethis Iwouldtellyourteacher 例3 虚拟语气 虚拟语气可用于条件句和其它一些从句中 虚拟语气用于条件句中的情况较复杂 所以要特别加以注意 首先 要判断一下是否该用虚拟语气 因为条件句有两种 一种是真实条件句 一种是非真实条件句 只有在非真实条件句中才用虚拟语气 在真实条件句中 要用陈述语气 Ifmyauntcomesthisafternoon shewillbringmesomegifts 如果姨妈下午来 她会给我带礼物的 1 真实条件句 Ifheweretoleavetoday hewouldgettherebyFriday 假如他今天离开 他周五将到那儿
4、 IfIwereyou Iwouldgotolookforhim 如果我是你 就会去找他 2 非真实条件句 如果条件句假设的情况完全不存在或者实现的可能性很小 甚至可以说几乎没有时 就需要用虚拟语气来表达 也就是说 此时的条件句是非真实条件句 非真实条件句的谓语动词形式 与现在事实相反的条件句的结构 条件句 过去时 be动词用were 主句 would could might 动词原形 IfIwereyou Ishould wouldgoatonce IfIgotthechance Iwouldwanttobealawyer 例如 注意 在非正式表述或口语中 ifI he she it之后 可
5、用was代替were 两者在意义上没有区别 但是were更为正式 特别是在表述心存怀疑的事情时 IfLucywereready wewouldstart 假如露西准备好了 我们就出发 与过去事实相反的条件句的结构 Ifyouhadbeentherelastnight nothingwouldhavehappened Iftheboyhadgotupearlier hewouldhavecaughtthebus 条件句 过去完成时haddone主句 would could might havedone 与将来事实相反的条件句的结构 条件句 If was were did 主句 would cou
6、ld mightdo Ifitweresunnytomorrow wewouldgocamping IfIwerefreenextSunday Iwouldcertainlygotoyourparty 注意 在与将来事实可能相反的条件句中 谓语动词还可用wereto或should do来表示 如 IfIweretofailmydrivingtest Iwouldhavetotakeitagainnextmonth Ifheshouldcometomorrow Iwouldtalktohimaboutit 从if从句的动词形态来看 使用虚拟语气的条件句在时态方面比起真实条件句中的时态要向后退让一
7、步 要点领会 比较1 一般现在vs 一般过去 be动词多采用were的形式 Ifheisathomenow heissuretobesurfingtheInternet 真实条件句 Ifhewereathomenow hewouldbesurfingtheInternet 虚拟条件句 比较2 现在完成vs 过去完成Ifhehasfinishedhishomeworknow heissuretobesurfingtheInternet 真实条件句 Ifhehadfinishedhishomeworknow hewouldbesurfingtheInternet 虚拟条件句 比较 过去vs 过去完
8、成Ifheboughtthebookyesterday hehadnomoneyleftforlunch 真实条件句 Ifhehadboughtthebookyesterday hewouldhavehadnomoneyleftforlunch 虚拟条件句 主句的谓语由具过去式形态的情态动词如would could should等加上动词原形 对现在和将来的虚拟 及完成形 对过去的虚拟 构成 要点领会 Iftheykneweachother theywouldbetalkingnow 现在 Iftheyhadgotlostlastnight theywouldhavebeencaughtbyt
9、hestorm 过去 Iftheyshouldlendusahand wewouldfinishthetaskearlier 将来 Practice Readthedialogueonpage40andfillineachblankwiththecorrectformoftheverbinbrackets 非真实条件句的省略与倒装 在非真实条件句中 如果有were had should 我们可以将if省略 把这些词置于从句的句首 形成倒装 如 IfIshouldmeether Iwouldtellher ShouldImeether Iwouldtellher IfIwereinyourpos
10、ition Iwoulddoitbetter WereIinyourposition Iwoulddoitbetter Iftheyhadmadepreparations theywouldhavesucceeded Hadtheymadepreparations theywouldhavesucceeded 如果虚拟条件句中没有were had和should则不能省略if 当然也不能倒装 注意 Practice 1 Wereitnotforthesnowyweather we allrightnow A wouldbeB wouldhavebeenC wereD maybe 2 Ifhe m
11、etomorrow Iwouldlethimknow A shouldcallB shouldnothavebeenableC werenotableD arenotable A A 3 today hewouldgettherebyFriday A WouldheleaveB WasheleavingC WerehetoleaveD Ifheleaves 4 Ifit thisafternoon theEnglishpartywouldberuined A rainsB rainedC willrainD wasraining C B 5 Ifyouhadrungusyesterday we
12、would youthatthemeetinghadbeenputoff A tellB havetoldC hadtoldD betelling B 混合虚拟条件句 非真实条件句中 有时主句谓语动词所表示的动作和条件从句中谓语动词所表示的动作并不同时发生 此时谓语动词的形式要按照各自的时间来调整 而不完全按照上述规则来进行 这样的句子叫混合虚拟条件句 例如 Ifyouhadfollowedtheteacher sadvice thenyouwouldhavenodifficultynow 假如你听从了老师的劝告 那你现在就不会有困难了 IfIhadn tfinishedmyhomeworkb
13、ynow Iwouldbeworkingonittomorrow 如果我到现在还没完成家庭作业 那明天我还得做 Ifhehadpreparedwellforhislessonsyesterday hewouldn thavesomanydifficultiesnow 假如他昨天好好地准备功课的话 他现在就不会有这么多的困难 Ifithadrainedlastnight 过去 itwouldbeverycoldtoday 现在 如果昨天下雨 今天就会很冷 例如 Iwouldhavegonetovisithiminthehospitalhaditbeenatallpossible butIwasf
14、ullyoccupiedthewholeoflastweek 该句前半部分是假设虚拟 后半部分是事实的陈述 混合虚拟语气还有一种情况 就是事实和虚拟假设的混合句 注意 Answers P40 attended 2 would mightbe 3 went 4 would mightsee 5 did 6 would couldbe 7 travelled 8 wouldhavetotake 9 hadstarted 10 wouldnothaveneededAnswers P41 1 hadbeen 2 Had got 3 Had had If hadhad 4 Would havebeen
15、Reflectiontime Fillinthetable If was were did would should could mightdo If had been done would should couldmighthavedone If was were did wereto shoulddo would should could mightdo 1 fired yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff A WouldyoubeB ShouldyoubeC CouldyoubeD Mightyoube 2 yo
16、uhaveanyquestions pleasecontactourcustomerservicehotline A ShouldB WouldC CouldD Might I Multiplechoice B A 3 EverytimeIgoout Iwilltakelotsofmoney somethingunexpectedshouldhappen A otherwiseB thereforeC howeverD incase D 4 Imaginewhattoday slifewouldbelikeifAlexanderBell thetelephonemorethan130yearsago A didn tinventB wouldn tinventC hadn tinventedD wouldn thaveinvented C 5 Ifsomemeasures toensurethesafetyoftheschool morestudents intheearthquakethen A weretaken wouldsurviveB hadbeentaken didn ts
