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1、完型When travelers pass from one time zone to another, they suffer from disrupted circadian rhythms, an uncomfortable feeling known as jet lag. For instance, if you travel from California to New York, you lose 3 hours according to your bodys clock. You will feel tired when the alarm rings at 8 a.m. th
2、e next morning because, according to your bodys clock, it is still 5 a.m. It usually takes several days for your bodys cycles to adjust to the new time. To reduce the effects of jet lag, some doctors try to manipulate the biological clock with a technique called light therapy. They expose people to
3、special lights, many times brighter than ordinary household light, for several hours near the time the subjects want to wake up. This helps them reset their biological clocks and adjust to a new time zone.Symptoms much like jet lag are common in people who work nights or who perform shift work. Beca
4、use these peoples work schedules are at odds with powerful sleep-regulating cues like sunlight, they often become uncontrollably drowsy during work, and they may suffer insomnia or other problems when they try to sleep. Shift workers have an increased risk of heart problems, digestive disturbances,
5、and emotional and mental problems, all of which may be related to their sleeping problems. The number and severity of workplace accidents also tend to increase during the night shift. Major industrial accidents attributed partly to errors made by fatigued night-shift workers include the Exxon Valdez
6、 oil spill and the Three Mile Island and Chernobyl nuclear power plant accidents. One study also found that medical interns working on the night shift are twice as likely as others to misinterpret hospital test records, which could endanger their patients. It may be possible to reduce shift-related
7、fatigue by using bright lights in the workplace, minimizing shift changes, and taking scheduled naps.Many people with total blindness experience life-long sleeping problems because their retinas are unable to detect light. These people have a kind of permanent jet lag and periodic insomnia because t
8、heir circadian rhythms follow their innate cycle rather than a 24-hour one. Daily supplements of melatonin may improve night-time sleep for such patients. However, since the high doses of melatonin found in most supplements can buildup in the body, long-term use of this substance may create new prob
9、lems. Because the potential side effects of melatonin supplements are still largely unknown, most experts discourage melatonin use by the general public.阅读AA small card sits above an empty shelf in the Whole Foods store in Petaluma, California. “Consumers are advised not to eat fresh bagged spinach
10、at this time. As a precaution, Whole Foods Market has temporarily removed all fresh spinach and fresh salad mixes containing spinach from its stores.”On September 14th the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta issued the first of several daily alerts concerning an outbreak of E.coli
11、0157:H7, a potentially lethal pathogen typically associated with adulterated beef. Investigators had traced it to consumption of fresh raw spinach sold in bags. A few days later, an investigation conducted by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) had narrowed down the culprits to a California-based
12、 grower, Natural Selection Foods, and at least one of its distributors. So far, a 77-year-old woman in Wisconsin has died from eating spinach traced back to Natural Selection, and 146 people in 23 states are ill, some very seriously. Half of the victims have been hospitalized, a high rate that may i
13、ndicate an especially virulent strain of E. coli.Investigators continue to search for the cause of the outbreak. They have scoured the companys processing plant as well as the farms that grow the spinach, looking at everything from irrigation water to the proximity of livestock, with no sure connect
14、ions made so far. The fact that Natural Selection is in Californias Salinas Valley has raised alarms, however. According to the FDA, fresh produce from the valley, including spinach, has been the source of nine E. coli outbreaks since1995. Moreover Natural Selection, which supplies several supermark
15、et chains across the United States with conventionally produced fresh spinach, is also the nations largest grower and shipper of certified organic produce, under its Earthbound Farm brand. If organic spinach becomes implicated, the financial consequences for the organic sector of the fresh produce m
16、arket, which prides itself on its purity, could be severe. But with the FDA advising consumers not to eat fresh spinach from any source until further notice, the outbreak could ruin Californias whole spinach industry. The state grows about three-quarters of the American crop. In recent years the market for fresh spinach has benefited hugely from what one producers spokesman calls “a great health profile”. In2005, per capita consumption in America was forecas
