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1、2020届高考英语顶尖学案：大纲版Unit 16The United States of America美利坚合众国核心词汇1She_(牺牲)her life to save her child from the fire.2My_(贪吃的)brother has eaten all the sweets.3_(最后)，he came through with his promise to help as best as he could.4. His_(以前的)classmate was an advisor to the peace delegation.5After the earthq
2、uake, the_(重建)of the city took them a whole year.6He was thrown into_(失业)when the factory closed.7You had to_(克服)difficulties of all kinds while studying abroad.8The sight of people suffering arouses a deep sense of_(不公平)in Mary.9Burger King is widely regarded as the quality fast food hamburger rest
3、aurant_(连锁)10用suffer的适当形式填空：(1)His health _ terribly from heavy drinking.(2)Death finally brought an end to her_.1.sacrificed2.greedy3.Eventually4.former5.reconstruction6.unemployment7.overcome8.injustice/unfairners9.chain10.(1)suffered(2)suffering高频短语1_ 冒险；碰运气2_ 坚持(做)3_ 结果4_ 转而；反过来；轮流5_ 收拾起来6_ 为表示对
4、尊敬；纪念7_ 徒劳；白辛苦8_ 不打扰；不理会9_ 出版；生产；扑灭；关掉10_ 出售；减价1.take a chance2.insist on3.as a result4.in turn5.gather up6.in honour of7.in vain8.leave alone9.put out10.on sale重点句式1The city_between blacks and whites in the 1960s and Dr King was shot and killed in 1968.这座城市见证了20世纪60年代黑人和白人之间的一系列残酷斗争，金博士于1968年被枪杀。2_
5、early settlers had killed bison for food，now the killing became more widespread.虽然早期的移民者屠杀野牛以供食用，而现在对野牛的屠杀变得更为泛滥。3Between 1850 and 1910 the bison population_from 60 million to just a few hundred.人们认为，在1850年到1910年之间，野牛的头数从6000万头下降到只有几百头了。4Bison waste no longer fell on the ground to improve the soil，_
6、as a result became_for growing plants.地上不再有野牛的粪便来改良土壤，结果植物生长的土壤变得不够肥沃了。1.saw a series of fierce fights2.While3.in thought to have fallen4.which；less good知识详解1.insistvi.坚持；坚持主张；坚决认为【教材原句】(P46)He insists on us showing him respect.他坚持让我们对他表示尊重。(1)坚持，坚持主张insist on/upon(doing) sth.坚持(做)某事insist thatclaus
7、e坚持认为，坚决要求(牛津P1056)They insist on playing their music late at night.他们执意地演奏他们的音乐直到深夜。The young men insisted that they (should) be sent to the front.那些年轻人坚持要求被派往前线去。(2)坚持认为She insisted that he was wrong.她坚持认为他错了。【温馨提示】(1)当insist作“坚持认为，强调(某种事实、看法)”讲时，宾语从句用陈述语气；(2)当insist作“坚决要求，主张”讲时，宾语从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气，即用“
8、(should)动词原形”形式。The doctor insisted that he (should)stay in bed for another five days.大夫坚决主张他在床上再待五天。1The old worker insisted that he_old，and that he_back to the working post again.Awasnt；be sentBwasnt；was sentCbe not；send Disnt；sent解析：选A。句意为：“那位老工人坚持认为自己不老，要求回到工作岗位上去”。第一个that分句中不用虚拟语气，第二个that分句中要用虚
9、拟语气。即境活用2.The man insisted_a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.Afind Bto findCon finding Din finding解析：选C。本题考查动词用法。insist常接从句或介词ondoing，不接不定式或in doing结构。(牛津P1757)Her parents made sacrifices so that she could have a good education.为了让她受良好的教育，她的父母作了很多牺牲。He achieved his success at the s
10、acrifice of his own health.他以牺牲自己的健康为代价取得成功。(2)vt.牺牲；奉献；把作祭品Its not worth sacrificing your health for your career.为事业而牺牲你的健康不值得。The young man sacrificed his life to save the child from the fire.这个年轻人为了救火中的孩子牺牲了自己的生命。3As parents，they think it normal to make_for their children，especially in China.Asac
11、rifice BsacrificesCthe sacrifice Dthe sacrifices解析：选B。make sacrifices for是固定词组，意为“为作出牺牲”。即境活用3.vainadj.徒然的；无益的；虚荣的；空虚的；自负的【教材原句】(P44)Dr Kings efforts were not in vain，however.然而，金博士的努力没有白费。in vain白费力气；徒劳无益a vain attempt/hope/effort徒劳的尝试/希望/努力(牛津P2229)She closed her eyes tightly in a vain attempt to
12、hold back the tears.她紧闭双眼，却无法忍住眼泪。(牛津P2229)All our efforts were in vain.我们的所有努力都付诸东流了。She made a vain attempt to stop him.她试图阻止他，但是徒然。4(2020年高考湖北卷)His efforts to raise money for his program were_ because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.Ain place Bin sightCin effect Di
13、n vain即境活用解析：选D。句意：他为他的项目筹集资金的努力付诸东流了，因为没有一个人愿意从腰包里掏出一分钱。in place在适当的位置，准备就绪；in sight在视线内可以看见；in effect生效，起作用；in vain徒劳。又如：They tried in vain to persuade her to go.他们极力劝她去，但枉费了一番口舌。All our efforts were in vain.我们所有的努力全都是枉费心机。5.It was snowing；the little matchselling girl sat down in the street corner
14、，drawing her feet close under her，but_，she could not warm them.Ain use Bin vainCin effect Din fact解析：选B。in vain徒劳无益；in use在使用；in effect在实施中，生效；in fact事实上。(牛津P2029)Foreign governments supplied the rebels with arms.一些外国政府向反叛者提供武器。It is the sun that supplies all the living things on the earth with light and heat.太阳为地球上
