《cause-and-effect-英语说明文写作中的因果关系幻灯片课件》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《cause-and-effect-英语说明文写作中的因果关系幻灯片课件（25页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Cause Effect Presenter ShellDate 1st April Questionswithwhyareoftenaskedandanswered Why Cause Effect Tellreaderswhysomethinghappened Tellreaderstheresultsofsomething Cause Effect effectsThereforesoasaresult consequentlyaccordinglybecauseofthisThus henceforthisreasonresultin causesduetobecauseofowing
2、toasaresultofonaccountofforonthegroundofThroughBecausesinceasonthegroundthat TransitionalWordsandPhrases therefore consequently asaresult andforthisreason通常后面接逗号Theweatherwascold therefore Sallyclosedthewindow Theweatherwascold Therefore Sallyputonhercoat Theweatherwascold Consequently Sallyputonher
3、scarf Ablizzardhitthetown Asaresult theschoolswereclosed Since because置于表示原因的句子前 句后用逗号 Becausetheweatheroutsidewascold Sallyclosedthewindow so前面的句子后加逗号Theweatherwaswarm soJimturnedontheairconditioner Therearetwowaysoforganizingparagraphsdevelopedbycauseandeffect Tostateaneffectanddevotetherestofthep
4、aragraphtoexaminingthecauses Tostateacauseandthenmentionorpredicttheeffects Example whatarethereasonsfortheincreasingrateofcaraccidents Example whataretheresultsofAmericanpopulationgettingolder Accordingtoofficialstatistics morethan10 000peopleinthecountrywerekilledincaraccidentslastyear Theincreasi
5、ngrateofcaraccidentscanbeattributedtothreegeneralcauses Mechanicalproblemsofcars suchasfaultybrakes baldtires andflattires contributetothehighrateofcaraccidents Environmentalproblems suchasblindcorners narrowstreets heavyfog slipperyroadscauseasignificantnumberofdisasters Sucherrorsofhumanproblemsas
6、excessivespeedanddrunkendrivingareconsideredthemajorfactorofthefatalaccidents Ifdrivershadbeencareful manyneedlessslaughtersincaraccidentscouldhavebeenavoided Thetopicsentenceindicatesthattheparagraphfocusesonthecauses ArecentcensusreportedthattheAmericanpopulationisrapidlygettingolder Theagingofthe
7、nationwillbringaboutseriouseffects Themostobviouseffectisperhapsaneconomicone howwillthecountrybearthecostofcaringfortoomanyoldpeople Theoldareconsiderablymoreexpensivetomaintain Theynowlivemainlyathomeandneedmoreservices andmedicalcostsatpresentarealmosttwicethebillforpeopleunder65 Tosupporttheold
8、thesocial securitysystemalreadypaysmorethanitreceives andwithinamatteroffouryears itwillnotbeabletohelptheretired Then tokeepthesystemgoing workingAmericanswillsimplyhavetoworkharderandreceivelesspay Effect1 takingcareoftheoldcostingmoremoney Effect2 thesocialsecuritysystemlosingmoney Effect3 workin
9、gAmericansworkingharderbutgettinglesspay Fourpatternsofcause effectrelationship Single cause single effectpatternSingle cause many effectspatternMany causes single effectpatternCausalchainpattern cause effect cause1 cause2 cause3 effect1 effect2 effect3 Whatisthecauseofairpollution What stheeffectso
10、fsmoking Exhaustgasfromcars Uncontrolledfactorygasses Burningoflowqualitycoal Airpollution Smoking Doharmtopeople shealth Oftencausefires Wastemoney CasualChain Jim sfatherhasabadtemper andheoftenbeatsJim smotherandthekids familyviolence Jim smotherleavesJim sfather takingthechildrenwithher Withonly
11、Jim smother sincome thefamilyhaslessmoney sothefamilyexperiencesfinancialproblems Jim smothermovesinwithherboyfriendtohelpthefamilyfinances Jimfeelsunwantedinhisnewhomeandrunsaway ahomelesschild cause effect cause effect cause effect cause effect CasualChain themostimmediateeffect Howtowrite Practic
12、e Sample homework LOGO Howtowritecause and effectparagraph SoundReasoningorlogicWhendiscussingcausesandeffects makesureyouranalysisisoflogic YoumustnottakeitforgrantedthateventAcauseseventBsimplybecauseeventAoccursbeforeeventB Inotherwords youmustexplainclearlywhatreallybringsaboutaparticularresult
13、LOGO PossibleShiftinorderIncause and effectwriting itseemsconvenienttostatetheeffectfirstandthenanalyzethecauses Thereverseorder however istobepreferredwhenonecauseleadstoanumberofeffects TopicSentence Itshouldtellwhattobediscussedintheparagraph Itshouldalsoindicatewhetherthefocusoftheparagraphisont
14、hecauseortheeffect IfyoustaywithTomforaday youwillknowwhyheisgainingweight cause 2 AlthoughtheAmericanCivilWarturnedmanybrothersandsistersintoenemies itsolvedsomebigpoliticalandeconomicproblemsofthecountry effect 3 Alackofessentialvitaminscanresultinseriousillness effect 4 TherearethreereasonswhyIwa
15、nttostayinasmalltown cause Topicsentence Iplaytabletennisforthreereasons I Sub topicsentence It seasyfun 1 Haveknowntherulesforalongtime 2 Notdangerous II Sub topicsentence Itrelaxesme 1 Enjoyplayingwithfriends 2 Agoodbreakfromstudies III Sub topicsentence Itallowsmetomeetnewpeople 1 Traveltootherplacesforgames 2 Competewithstudentsfromotherfaculties Homework analyzethecausesofoneofyourhobbies
