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1、2020考前冲刺英语专题17 定语从句与状语从句 1.Julia was good at German, French and Russian, all of _ she spoke fluently. (2020湖南卷25)A. who B. whom C. which D. that【解析】选C。前面谈到了3种语言即German，French和Russian，它们为先行词。all of which of which alland all of them，作非限定性定语从句。考点1.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的比较：. 定语从句 限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式其前无逗号其前有逗号翻
2、译译在先行词前(即：从句译作先行词的定语)译成与主句并列的一个分句(即：译作两句)功能修饰名词或代词可修饰名词或代词，也可修饰整个主句关系词可用that引导；作宾语的关系代词常可省不可用that引导；关系词一律不省意义起限制作用(若被省去，原句意义不完整)起补充说明作用(若被省去，原句意义不受影响)考点2.介词+关系代词连用时，介词的选用She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _ had taken more than three years. (2020江西卷34)A. for which B. with whi
3、ch C. of which D. to which【解析】选C。博物馆的建设花了3年多时间。我们可以说whose construction，也可以说the construction of whichof which the construction，介词of 表所属关系。介词提前时，定语从句的形式为：介词+which/whom, 不能用that或who。介词的选用一般根据后边动词与介词的搭配关系选择。考点3.as和which引导非限制性定语从句的比较例1：Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a Tshirt, _ is
4、a stupid thing to do in such weather. (2020全国大纲卷7)A. this B. that C. what D. which【解析】选D。which引导非限定性定语从句。代指前句整个内容。例2： _ is know to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. It B. As C. That D. What【解析】选B。A、D不能引导定语从句，C不能引导非限定性定语从句。As is known to everybodyAs everybody knows “正如大家
5、所知道的”。该句也可换成It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month. What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.as和which的相同点：(1)先行词都可指代整个主句；(2)都可在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。as和which的不同点：(1)as引导的从句可位于句首，而which则不行；(2)as有“正如”之意，而which表示“这一点”。考点4.关系代词与
6、关系副词的选用while women are better at jobs _ a considered approach is most important. (江苏南京金陵中学高三第4次模拟卷)A. which; that B. /; when C. which; when D. that; where【解析】选D。第一空用关系代词that或which 作主语，不可以省略。第二空用关系副词where，因为句子意思完整，不缺主语或宾语。根据先行词job 和定语从句意思，确定用关系副词whereat which表地点，作地点状语。定语从句中如果先行词是地点，而引导词在从句中可作地点状语，引导词
7、用where；如果先行词是时间，而引导词在从句中可作时间状语，引导词用when。考点5.定语从句与同位语从句与强调句型的区别Was it in the street _ our school is located in _ the car accident happened?A. where; thatB. where; which C. that; which D. which; that缺成分，结构完整，说明原句是强调句型；若结构不完整，则说明原句可能为定语从句。状语从句分为时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、结果、目的、方式及比较状语从句。状语从句考点1.when, while, as引导时间
8、状语的特殊点You can pay now or _ you come back to pick up the bike.A. when B. then C. while D. since【解析】选A。come是短暂性动词，而while从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的，所以排除C, when引导时间状语从句，与now对称。1. 表示带有规律性的“每当”或从句和主句的动作存在先后关系时，一般用when。2. 表达“随着”或“一边一边”的含义，一般用as。3. as作“当时候”解，从句的谓语一般不可是状态动词。4. while从句的谓语动词不可是短暂性的。考点2.时间、条件状语从句的时态一致性例1：T
9、he big fire lasted as long as 24 hours _ it was brought under control. (山西太原五中2020 2020学年度第二学期月考)A. after B. before C. ahead D. since【解析】选B。before 引导时间状语从句用于以下句型：时间段before从句表示“隔了多少时间才”； it will be/ wont be long before从句，表示“很久就/不久就”。该句表示：大火一直持续了长达24小时才被控制住。例2：As is reported, it is 100 years _ Qinghua
10、 University was founded. (2020四川卷6)A. when B. before C. after D. since【解析】选D。as 引导让步状语从句。Try as she might Though she might try，该句型主要有以下几种形式：零冠词名词as 主语be形容词(名词)as 主语be动词原形as主语情态动词as引导原因状语从句说明原因语气较弱，着重点在主句，常译为“由于，因为”。例2：_ he was, he often ended up in financial troubles.A. Though well paid B. As well p
11、aid C. Well paid as D. Well paidPeople were shocked by such a bloody murder in Virginia _ no one experienced ever.A. as B. whichC. where D. that【解析】选A。as引导的定语从句， as常与such, the same搭配使用。suchas引导的是定语从句， as须作主语、宾语、表语等；suchthat引导的是结果状语从句， that不作成分。考点6.表示“一就”的时间状语从句 Did you keep it in mind to give Jennif
12、er the money you owed her? Yes, I gave it to her _ I saw her.A. while B. the momentC. suddenly D. once【解析】选B。the moment在此作连词，意思是“一就”。1. as soon as常用一般现在时表将来。2. hardlywhen或no soonerthan结构中，主句谓语用过去完成时，从句谓语用一般过去时。3. 表示时间概念的副词充当连词，如： immediately, directly, instantly等。4. “the+瞬间名词”， 如： the moment, the minute, the second等。考点7. while引导让步状语从句表示“尽管，虽然”的用法
