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1、主谓一致 英语中主谓一致是指句中的谓语动词和主语在人称和数上保持一致 在做涉及主谓一致的练习时 同学们有时会 觉得顾此失彼 究其原因 往往是没有把握住主语的真正内涵 考虑不周全 笔者对此问题作一总结 供同学们参考 一般来说 主谓一致要遵循以下三个原则 一 语法一致原则 主谓一致是指句子的主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致 1 主语后面有as well as with together along with but like except including等非并列连接性短语时 谓语动词 不受该短语中名词数的影响 仍和主语在人称和数上保持一致 例如 No one except two boys wa
2、s late for school There was a bill along with the parcel The teacher as well as the students likes this painting 2 由 and 或 both and 连接的名词作复合主语时 谓语动词用复数形式 例如 The red rose and the white rose are very beautifu1 Both bread and butter were sold out in that shop 但要注意 如果连接的两个名词表示同一概念 即指同一个人或物时 其特征是and 后的名词
3、没有任何冠词 则 主语表示单数意义 例如 The secretary and principal of the schoo1 was present at the meeting The writer and poet has decided to be on holiday in Guilin 3 在 each and each every and every no and 后分别跟单数名词作主语时 谓语动词用单数形式 例如 There is no sound and no voice in the reading room In China every man and every woma
4、n has the right to vote on this problem 4 either each neither 或 no 单数名词以及由no some any every 等 构成的复合不定代词作主语时 谓语动词都用单数形式 例如 Is everyone here today Each of us has a new book Neither is correct 需要说明的是 在口语中 如果 either neither 和 none后面有 of 复数名词 代词 作主语时 动词用单数或复数 形式均可 例如 Neither of them is are correct None o
5、f the doctors have has been to the Great Wall 但要注意 none of 单数名词 作主语时 谓语动词用单数形式 5 动词不定式 动名词或名词性从句作主语时 谓语动词用单数形式 例如 To say is one thing to do is another Seeing is believing What he has done is right 但由 what 引导的主语从句作主语时 如果其表语是复数形式 谓语动词通常用复数形式 例如 What he took with him were three books 6 many a 后接单数名词时 谓
6、语动词用单数形式 例如 Many a pilot was killed in the air raid 7 由 a lot of lots of plenty of the rest majority of 名词 以及由 分数或百分数 名词 等构成的短语作主语时 其谓语动词的单 复数形式则要根据名词的单 复数而定 例如 Two thirds of the profit was made on that deal The rest of the students are boys Two percent of the students in our class are boys There is
7、 still lots of water in the lake 8 在倒装句中 谓语动词的数应与其后的主语保持一致 例如 On the desk are many different books Such are the facts There goes the bell 二 就近一致原则 如果句子有两个或两个以上的主语时 谓语动词的单复数形式是根据靠近它的主语的单复数来确定的 它主要 用于下列情形 由 or either or neither nor not only but also not but 等连接并列主语时 例如 Not only he but also I don t kno
8、w of the matter Not only I but also he doesn t know of the matter Either he or his classmates are going to Guilin today 2 在 there be 句型中 例如 There is an apple two pears and some oranges on the plate There are three students two viewers and our headmaster talking together 三 逻辑意义一致原则 该原则指的是 谓语动词的单复数形式不
9、是根据语法形式而是根据主语的内在涵义 即有时主语的单数形式表 达的是复数的涵义 反之亦然 确定的 1 表示时间 重量 长度 价值等名词 尽管其形式是复数 但在概念上是一个整体 它作主语时 谓语动词用 单数形式 例如 Thirty minutes is enough for the work Ten multiplied by three makes thirty Ten dollars is too dear Two hundred miles is a good distance 2 书名 影片名 格言 剧名 报刊名 国名等的复数形式往往用作单数 例如 The United States i
10、s a developed country The Arabian Nights is an interesting story book 3 family group class army government team enemy 等集体名词表示整体概念时应看作单数 但表示组成的个 体成员时 应看作复数 例如 Our family lives in Wuhan My family like watching TV at weekend The football team are having lunch now His class is on the second floor 注意 peo
11、ple police cattle 等集体名词作主语时 常表示复数涵义 4 the 形容词 分词 结构作主语表示一类人时 常看作复数 表示抽象概念时 常看作单数 例如 The blind are often looked down upon at present The wounded were still not well treated The beautiful lives forever 5 某些以 s 或 es 结尾的表示疾病 学科 游戏等名称的名词和means news works 等常看作单数 例如 Diabetes 糖尿病 is a very serious disease E
12、very means has been tried to save the boy An iron works is far from here 6 what who which more most all等代词作主语时 表示的是单数还是复数涵义要根据意义或上下文来确定 例 如 Which are your books All is going well All have gone to Beijing 7 one and a half 名词复数 表数量作主语时 谓语动词用单数形式 例如 One and a half pears has been left on the table 总之 在语
13、言实践中 我们不仅要记住一般的语法规则 更要把握好有些名词的内在涵义 注意提高辨别能力 才 能做好有关主谓一致的题目 巩固训练 1 All but one present at the meeting just now A is B was C has been D were 2 Not only I but also Jane and Mary tired of having one examination after another A is B are C am D be 3 A library with five thousand books to the nation as a gi
14、ft A is offered B has offered C are offered D have offered 4 When and where to build the new factory yet A is not decided B are not decided C has not decided D have not decided 5 The number of people invited fifty but a number of them absent for different reasons A were was B was was C was were D we
15、re were 6 At the bus stop a soldier and two young people on their way to the village A were B was C is D sits 7 If law and order neither the citizen nor his family is safe A are not preserved 维护 B is not preserved C were not preserved D haven t been preserved 8 The speaker at the meeting agreed that
16、 the ways in which television can educate a person almost infinite 无限 的 A be B are C is D was 9 There little change in that middle school A have B had C have been D has been 10 Setting fires to public buildings very dangerous A are B were C have D is 11 The teacher as well as a lot of students invited to the ball yesterday A was B were C is D are 12 The quality of the books poor A is B are C have D has 13 One of the doctors open A is B are D have D were 14 better wages and working conditions A W
