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1、it的用法与高考谈起it，真可谓词小作用大。it的用法一直是高考命题的热点,也是教学中的重点与难点。下面结合高考试题来对其常考点和特殊用法进行归纳。一、it用作代词的用法1.it用作人称代词，可指人，也可指物。用来代替前面已经出现的词、词组或句子，以避免重复。1.I was disappointed with the film . I had expected _ to be much better. ( 93 )A. that B. this C. one D. it2. There is still a copy of the book in the library. Wall you g
2、o and borrow ?No, Id rather buy in the bookstore. 2020 陕西卷A. one B. one; oneC. one; itD. it; It2it 用来指代时间、地点、距离、天气、气候、季节、温度、环境等或虚指的情境。例如：It was nearly midnight when she came back.3代替有生命但不能或不必分阴阳性的东西(包括婴儿)。如：What a beautiful baby- is it a boy?4指代心目中或上文中的人或事物。3-Isn t that Anns husband over there?-No,
3、it _ be him. Im sure he doesnt wear glasses.( 2020.全国.29 )A. cant B. must not C. wont D. may not4-Do you like _ here?-Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice.( 2020.全国.32)A. this B. these C. that D. itit可以指代未指明,但谈话双方心里都明白的那件事或那种情况, 在本题情景中it指这儿的情况(the situation here)。 又如
4、: I cant stand it (= this situation) any longer!Hows it (= your life, work, etc.) going?He is fifty, but he doesnt look it.(fifty years old )It还可以指已知的或暗含的事实或情况，例如：5The Parkers bought a new house but _will need a lot of work before they can move in. ( 2002.全国.25 )A. they B. it C. one D. which 在此指买房之后
5、的情况。又如:She was frightened, but tried not to show it. 她非常恐惧,但竭力没有表现出来。二、it可在句子中作主语或宾语，用来代替一个名词，一个短语，一个分句或一个句子，以避免它们在句子中的重复。为了避免句中作真正主语的动词不定式短语、动名词短语和名词性从句(一般都比较长)置于句首时造成头重脚轻，习惯上用it作形式主语置于句首，指代后面的真正主语，使句子显得流畅,保持句子的平衡。而且，作形式主语的代词只能用it ，不能用that，this等词.it作形式主语的用法1.It + be形容词(for sb./ sth) 动词不定式此句型中的形容词用来
6、描述动词不定式所指代的事情的特点。相当于to do sth. is +adj+.for sb./ sth，用于此句型的形容词有：easy， hard， difficult，possible，important， impossible， necessary，good，bad，natural, safe, common, normal, dangerous, unusual, rare, pleasant等。6 Is _ necessary to tell his father everything? (87)A. it B. that C. what D. he7 Is_necessarytoc
7、ompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay? (89) A.thisB.thatC.itD.he8 Is _ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? (88) A. now B. man C. that D. it2.It+ be形容词of sb动词不定式此句型中的形容词主要描述某人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有：kind, nice, wise, clever, brave, silly, foolish, stupid, polite, impolite, rude, friendly, careless, cr
8、uel, honest ,lazy, modest, naughty, selfish, wrong, right , 等。这个句型可以改写为：sb. is +adj.+to do sth.3.It + be 名词 (for sb./ sth) 动词不定式用于此句型的名词有： a pity, a shame, a pleasure, a great joy, a waste of time, ones turn, ones duty, ones job, fun, good manners, bad manners等。例如：It is our duty to serve the people.
9、4.It+ be 形容词/名词doing sth此句型中的形容词和名词常见的有：no / little use, no / much good, no / much harm, no / a wonder, useless, senseless, dangerous, enjoyable, worthwhile 等。如：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。9 _ felt funny watching myself on TV. 2020 全国卷IIA. OneB. This C. ItD. That5.It +谓语+名词从句(主语从句、表语从句
10、、同位语从句)it作形式主语, that从句作真正主语,常见的句型有: It + be + 形容词(obvious, true, , surprising, wonderful, funny, , likely, certain, probable, etc.) + that It + be + 形容词(important necessary, right, possible strange, natural.) that sb. (should) do sth. It + be + 名词词组(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, no surprise, a
11、fact, a pleasure, a surprise, an honor, a pity, common sense etc.)+ that10 _is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language( 1995.37 ) A. There B. This C. That D. It11The Foreign Minister said ,“_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace .”( 2020.北京.24 )A. This is B.
12、 There is C. That is D. It is12He hasnt slept at all for three days. _he is tired out.( 2020.湖北.30 )AThere is no point BThere is no needCIt is no wonder DIt is no way13_is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger and more prosperous economy. （2020高考浙江卷4）A.As B. That C. Thi
13、s D. It It+ be +过去分词( said ,reported, believed, declared, expected, supposed, hoped, accepted, stated, acknowledged, recognized, mentioned, proved. shown, announced, arranged, observed, proposed, regarded, considered, thought, learned, well known, pointed out,.) + that14It has been proved _ eating v
14、egetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.(上海36)A. if B. because C. when D. that15It is often that human beings are naturally equipped to speak. （09全国II.6）A. said B. to say C. saying D. being said It+ be+过去分词(suggested, ordered, demanded, requested . ) that
15、sb. (should) do sth. It不及物动词(seems, happens, appears, occurs)that或 It looks ( seems )+ as if .另外，常见的句型还有：It is not settled / has not been decided / is still unknown/ It makes no difference + whetherIt doesnt matter whether .如：It depends on the weather whether we will go.16 Does_matterifhecantfinishthejobontime? (91)
