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1、Unit 2 EnvironmentPart Two Teaching ResourcesSection 2: Background information about the environmentI. A vocabulary about environmentacid fog 酸雾acid mist 酸雾acid rain 酸雨acid(ic) precipitation 酸性降水acid(ic) snow 酸雪acid-affected 受酸影响的; 受酸危害的Action Plan for the Biosphere Reserves 生物圈保护区行动计划Action Plan fo
2、r the Programme of Studies 气候对人类影响研究计划的行动计划adverse environment effect 对环境不利的影响afforestation 造林; 绿化aftershock 余震air pollutant 空气污染物air pollution 空气污染airborne pollution 大气污染; 空气污染ambient air quality standard 环境空气质量标准ambient quality standard 环境质量标准ambient standard 环境标准anthropogenic 源于人类活动的; 人为的anticipa
3、tory environmental action 防患未然的环保行动anti-desertification programme 防止沙漠化计划biosphere reserve 生物圈保护区biosphere balance 生物圈平衡climatic scourge 气候灾害conservation of nature 保护自然; 自然保护decline in ozone 臭氧逐渐减少distressed area 灾区domestic sewage 生活污水Earth(s) ozone layer 地球臭氧层ecological balance 生态平衡ecological crime
4、s 破坏生态罪; 破坏生态的罪行ecological damage 生态破坏ecological disaster area 生态灾区ecological disruption 生态失调; 生态破坏endangered species 濒于灭绝的物种environment protection 环境保护; 环保environmental pollution 环境污染environmentally hazardous developments 对环境有害的发展environmentally safe 对环境安全的exhaust emission(s) 废气污染物; 废气污染forest ecol
5、ogy 森林生态学forest environment 森林环境II. The Process in the Development of the Chinese Disaster Reduction Plan and Progress Made1. Multiple types of natural disasters, highly frequent and seasonaln The atmospheric and aquatic disasters mainly include floods, droughts, typhoons, stormsurge, big winds, hai
6、ls, snowstorms, frosting, wave surges, tidal wave, sea ice and coastal erosions;n The geological and seismic disasters include earthquakes, cave breakdowns, landslides, mud-rock flows, subsidence and desertification;n Biological disasters, fire in forests and grassland, and so on.2. Natural disaster
7、s show an obvious regional discrepancyThree types of regions can be categorized:1.The major hazards are droughts, snowstorms, and earthquakes in western regions and northern localities;2.The hazards are mainly floods, landslides, droughts, and earthquakes in northeast, southwest and central China;3.
8、The major hazards are floods, typhoons, subsidence, and droughts.3. Natural disasters cause severe losses which have been on the rise On average, 200 million people are affected by disasters every year by which several thousand people are killed; 3 million people need to be resettled, more than 40 m
9、illion hectares of crops are afflicted by disasters, 2 million houses are destroyed; The direct economic losses have totaled more than 100 billion yuan after 1990, 40% higher than in 1980s. Typical disasters are as follows:extremely severe floods in the Yangtze River, Songhua River, and Nen River in
10、 1998;sustained severe drought in North China from 1999 to 2001;the earthquake in Lijiang, Yunnan in 1996;and floods in Huai River in 2020.4. The Distinguishing Features: The first national disaster reduction plan formulated in accordance with the Nine Five-Year National Economic and Social Developm
11、ent Plan and the 2020 Long-term Objective; More than 100 multidisciplinary scientists involved the drafting process; More than 30 ministries cooperated in the process of drafting and revision; Some local leaders gave a lot of recommendation; The formulation supported and assisted by the UNDP; The me
12、mbers of State Council, especially Premier ratified the Plan.The Main Principles of the Plan Disaster reduction should serve the national economic and social development; Prevention should be taken as the priority in combination with resistance and relief; The role of science, technology, and educat
13、ion will be fully displayed; The central and local governments as well as all social sectors should be mobilized to reduce disasters and international exchange and cooperation should be strengthened; The public awareness and knowledge should be enhanced; The governments capabilities of disaster redu
14、ction should be notably improved; an integrated system of a modernized disaster reduction management from the central to the local governments should come into being.5. The Strategy of Implementing the National Disaster Reduction Plan Used the mediums to make the National Plan more popular, publishe
15、d on the Peoples Daily, and other newspapers, held different meetings and TV programs; On the horizontal level, review the progress about implementing the National Plan in the different ministries of central government each year; Vertically, asking local governments to make their own plan complying
16、with the National Plan; Setting up the programs as the demonstration of local disaster reduction; Combining closely with the work of disaster relief.6. The Actions on Disaster Reduction in the past1) Established the efficient management and coordinative administrative structuren Office of National Comm
