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1、云南省陇川县第一中学高一英语Unit4 Astronomy教学设计（一）Warming up, Reading and Comprehending一、Teaching content1. Talk about the problems with diet.2. Talk about balanced diet and nutrition.二、Important words and phrases1. theory n学说；理论theoretical adj.理论上的2. begin with 以.为起点；起源于.；开始做. start with 以.为开始；从.着手 end with 以.结束
2、； end in 以.结尾3. violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的violence n暴力violently adv.猛烈地4. unlike prep.不同；不像dislike vt.不喜欢 be unlike. = be different from unlike sth./sb. 位于句首，常用于表示对比。5harmful adj. 有害的；伤害的harm n&vt. 损伤；伤害harmless adj. 无害的harmlessness n. 无害be harmful to 对有害do sb. harm/do harm to sb. 对某人有害do more harm tha
3、n good 弊大于利There is (no) harm in (sb.s) doing sth.(某人)做某事有(无)害处。It does (no) harm (for sb.) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事有(无)害处。mean no harm 没有恶意eg. (1)Fruit juice can be harmful to childrens teeth.果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。(2)What he did _ harmed his reputation. 他所做的损害了他的名声。6. multiply v. 乘，增加，繁殖Eg.(1) 2 multiplied by
4、4 makes 8. (2) 2 added to 1 is /makes 3. (3) 4 divided by 2 is 2.7. lay eggs 下蛋 lay down 放下；牺牲，铺设；制定 lay off 解雇；停止 lay aside 把.放在一边 =put aside8exist vi. 存在；生存；维持生活existent adj. 存在的，现存的existence n. 存在，生存There exists/existed.某地有，存在exist in 存在于之中exist on 靠为生 exist by 靠生存come into existence 开始存在；成立bring
5、 into existence 使发生，产生eg. (1)They exist on very little food. 他们靠极少的食物来生存。(2)That word doesnt _ exist in English. 英语中没有这个词。9. give birth to产生；分娩Eg. What he said gave birth to a dispute.10puzzle vt. 使困惑；使糊涂n. 难题；谜puzzling adj. 令人困惑的puzzled adj. 感到困惑的puzzle about/over sth. 苦苦思索；仔细琢磨puzzle sth. out 琢磨出的
6、答案；开动脑筋be in a puzzle about sth. 对某事迷惑不解set a puzzle for sb.(set sb. a puzzle) 出个谜语叫某人猜be puzzled by 被迷惑Eg. (1)Its quite _a_ _ puzzle_ _to_ us why he did that.他为何做那样的事，我们完全搞不懂。(2)This sentence _ puzzles_ me. 这个句子令我困惑。11in ones turn轮到某人；接着in turn依次；轮流；转而；反过来by turns轮流；交替take ones turn轮到某人做了take turns
7、依次；轮班，轮流Eg.We kept watch _ by_ _ turns_.We _ took_ _ turns_ to keep watch. 我们轮流守望。12prevent.from 阻止；制止stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事protect sb. from.保护某人不受侵袭，挡住，防御keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事Eg. (1)What can we do to _ prevent/stop/keep_ this disease _ from_ _sprea
8、ding_？我们能做什么来防止这种疾病蔓延呢？(2)Dont _ keep_ others _ waiting_ for long.不要让别人等太久。提示：(1)在被动句中 from 均不能省略。如：We were stopped/prevented/kept from going out by the heavy rain.大雨使我们无法外出。(2)protect.from.中 from后接能带来伤害或损害之事物。如：They huddled together to protect themselves from the wind. 他们挤在一起，免受风吹。三、Sentence struct
9、ures1. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. be to do.必将会.；命中注定.,用来表示不可避免将要发生的事时，通常用过去时。、Eg. This discovery was to have a major effect on the treatment of heart disease. be to do的常见用法：（1）表示“将”、“计划”、“安排”。(意思接近于be goin
10、g to)如： Their daughter is to get married soon. Who is to question him？（2）表示“义务”、“应该” 。(意思接近于should， must， ought to， have to)如： No one is to leave the building.谁也不得离开这楼房。 You are not to smoke in this room.=You are not supposed to smoke in this room. You are to be back by 10 oclock.你必须十点以前回来。（3）表示可能性,
11、相当于can, may如: Such books are to be found in the library.这样的书在图书馆里就能找到。 Not a single sound was to be heard.一点儿声音也听不到。 （4）用于“ifwere to do”，表示虚拟语气。如： If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.如果明天下雨,运动会就会延期。2. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape wo
12、uld last or not.so.that “如此.以至于.”引导结果状语从句suchthat作“如此以致”解，连接一个表示结果的状语从句。与sothat意思相同，但用法不同。如：sothat这一结构中，so后边可加形容词或副词，而such后边要用名词（这个名词前面可以带形容词，也可以不带）。因此， suchthat的句型结构可分以下三种： 1) sucha(an)adj.单数可数名词thatclause he is such a clever boy that everybody likes him. 他非常聪明，大家都非常喜欢他。 he was such an honest man t
13、hat he was praised by the teacher. 他非常诚实，因而受到了老师的表扬。 2)suchadj.复数可数名词thatclause they are such interesting novels that i want to read them once again. 这些小说非常有趣，我想再读一遍。 3)suchadj.不可数名词thatclause4This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.这就形成一个连锁反应，使生命发展成为可能。本句中 it做形式宾语
14、，真正的宾语为不定式短语 for life to develop。it做形式宾语还可以代替动名词或从句。Eg. He thinks it his duty to help others. 他认为帮助别人是他的职责。He made it a rule to get up at six every morning. 他把每天早晨6点起床作为一项规定。You may depend on it that were honest. 你可以相信我们是诚实的。拓展：it还可以做形式主语，代替真正的主语不定式(或不定式复合结构)、动名词(或动名词复合结构)或从句。(1)Itsadj.for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是的。(2)Itsadj.of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事(3)Its/was/.who/that.是某人/某物做(4)It is/was the序数词timethat.主语have/had done. 这是某人第次做(5)It is (high) time that.主语did/should do. 是该做的时候了。(6)Its said/reported/believed/announced that. 据说/据报道/据猜测/据称(7)Its a p
