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1、考研英语阅读理解50天速成胜经(下）三、 局部情感态度题历年真题解析例1、In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into supersystems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 95, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after
2、 a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, the
3、y argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.The vast consolidation within the rail industry m
4、eans that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such “captive” shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal governments Sur
5、face Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyones cost. If railroads charged all customers the same
6、 average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. Its theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the positi
7、on of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail. “Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?” asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper.Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with
8、 a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortunes. still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street chee
9、ring them on. Consider the $. 2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrails net railway operating income in 96 was just $427 million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Whos going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear tha
10、t they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.感谢你从 英语考试学习网 转贴，请多多宣传我们。52What is many captive shippers attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry?()(A) Indifferent. (B) Supportive. (C) Indignant. (D) Apprehensive.【解析】：第一步：根据局部对象或者局部对象的主体找出本题的出题句；根据该题的题干，我们可以依
11、据many captive shippers找到本题目的出题句（得分句）为最后一段的第一句话。第二步：在出题句（或称得分句）中寻找含有感情色彩的词语或句子；在最后一段的第一句中我们找到了worry这个单词；第三步：比较该感情色彩的词语或句子和四个选项，选择一个意思和该词语最为接近的选项；发现D不仅有理解的意思，还有忧虑的意思，因此本题选D；例2、It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder. Americans life ex
12、pectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minuts surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a
13、great health-care system can cure death-and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death
14、as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if its useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians-frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope i
15、n the patient-too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.In 50, the U. S. spent $. 7 billion on health care. In , the cost will be $40 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a g
16、overnment with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain agesay 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way”, so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78, V
