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1、直接引语和间接引语不同句式的间接引语定义引述某人的话一般采用两种形式：一种是直接引语（Direct Speech），即原封不动地引用原话，把它放在引号内；另一种是间接引语（Indirect Speech），即用自己的话加以转述，被转述的内容不放在引号内。直接引语变间接引语直接引语为陈述句 直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，在多数情况下都构成一个that引导的宾语从句，引述动词通常是say, tell等。主句中如果有say to sb., 通常变为tell sb. 与此同时，间接引语中的人称、时态和其他方面也要相应有所变化。The foreigner said to me, “ I like B
2、eijing very much”.那老外告诉我：我很喜欢北京。 The foreigner told me that he she liked Beijing very much. 那老外告诉我说他（她）很喜欢北京。She said, “We are very fond of sports”. 她说：我们都喜欢体育运动。 She said that they were very fond of sports. 她说他（她）们都喜欢体运动。“Ill go over the grammar lesson once again”, he said. 他说：我将把语法课再复习一遍。He said h
3、e would go over the grammar lesson once again. 他说他将要把语法课再复习一遍。（that可省略）直接引语为疑问句一般疑问句和反意疑问句一般疑问句改为间接引语时，要用陈述语序，并要加连词if 或 whether，其主句动词常用ask, wonder, want to know, didnt know等。句末不用问号。My teacher asked me, “Do you like American country music” 我老师问我：你喜欢美国乡村音乐吗？ My teacher asked me if/whether I liked Amer
4、ican country music. 我老师问我是否喜欢美国乡村音乐。 “You havent been to Beijing, have you?” asked he. 他问：你没去过北，是吗？ He asked me if/whether I had been to Beijing. 他问我是否去过北京。否定一般疑问句和选择问句如果直接引语为否定的一般问句或选择疑问句时，用whetheror 连接。She said, Dont you know my telephone number 她说：你难道不知道我的电话号码吗？ She asked me whether I knew her te
5、lephone number or not. 她问我是知道她的电话号码。Do you like this one or that one Tom asked. 汤姆问：你是喜欢这个还是那个？ Tom asked me whether I liked this one or that one. 汤姆问我是喜欢这个还是那个。特殊疑问句 间接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语前仍然用特殊疑问词作为连词引导宾语从句，注意从句必须用陈述语序，主句谓语动词常用ask。He asked, “How do you like it?”. 他问：你觉得怎样？ He asked me how I liked it. 他问
6、我觉得它怎样。She asked me, “Whats the matter with you?” 她问我：你怎么啦？ She asked me what was the matter with me. 她问我我怎么啦。 其它英语中有些疑问句并非提出疑问，而是表示请求、劝告、建议等。这种疑问句变为间接引语时，往往采用其他的形式。suggest doing“Shall we all go to the film tonight “, said Michael. 迈克尔说：我们今晚都去看电影，好吗？ Michael suggested going to the film tonight. 迈克尔建
7、议今晚都去看电影。“What about having a drink?” he asked. 他问：喝杯怎么样？He suggested having a drink. 他建议喝一杯。advise sb to do“Why dont you go hiking”, asked James. 詹姆士问：你为什么不徒步旅行？James advised me to go hiking. 詹姆士建议我去徒步旅行。. offer to do He said, “Would you like me to post the letter?” 他说：你要我寄信吗？ He offered to post th
8、e letter. 他主动提出寄信。ask sb to do“Will you please bring your reference book here tomorrow?”, she said to me. 她对我说：劳驾你明天把你的参考书带来好吗？She asked me to take my reference book there the next day. 她让我第二天把我的参考书带去。直接引语为祈使句 1直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语往往用复合宾来表示，其结构为主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（动词不定式）。引述动词可根据口气选用tell, ask, order, command, r
9、equest等词，句中please去掉。 She said to me, “Please have a res”t. 她对我说：请休息一下。 She asked me to have a rest. 她要求我休息一下。 “Dont all answer at once”, she said to the pupils. 她对学生说：大家不要齐声回答。 She told the pupils not to answer all at once. 她叫学生不要齐声回答。2带有let的祈使句（表示请求，建议或命令），可用suggest + -ing形式或suggest +that从句来表示其相应的意
10、思。 “Lets go for a walk”, said the girl. 那姑娘说，让我们去散散步吧。 The girl suggested going for a walk. 这女孩建议去散散步。 The teacher said, “Let Lily tidy the classroom”. 老师说：让莉莉整理教室。 The teacher suggested that Lily should tidy the classroom. 老师建议让莉莉整理教室。直接引语为感叹句1直接引语是感叹句变为间接引语时，多采用宾语从句结构，既可用what或how引导，也可用that引导。 “Wha
11、t a clever boy you are!”, my teacher said to him. 老师对他说，你是个聪明的孩子啊！ My teacher told him what a clever boy he was. 老师对他说他是一个多聪明的孩子啊。 He said, “How well you look!”. 他说：你看起来气色多好啊！ He said how well I looked. 他说我看起来是气色多好啊。 2有些感叹句可以根据原句的意思，采用适当的动词变为陈述句，不需用间接宾语来转述。 “Help!”, he cried. 他喊到：救命啊！ He called for
12、help. 他大声呼救。 “What terrible weather it is!”, he said. 他说：多么糟糕的天气！ He complained about the terrible weather. 他抱怨这糟糕的天气。 “Happy Christmas!”, he said. 他说：圣诞快乐！ He wished me a happy Christmas. 他祝我圣诞快乐。引语转换时的各种相应变化时态的变化现在时间推移到过去时间直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在完成时过去完成时现在进行时过去进行时 1时态的变化现在完成进行时过去完成进行时过去时间推移到过去的过去直接引语
13、间接引语一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时（不变）过去进行时过去完成进行时或不变将来时间推移到过去将来时间直接引语间接引语 一般将来时 一般将来时间接引语中保持原来时态不变 a. 主句为现在时或将来时，间接引语的时态保持不变。 He thinks, “She will be back in a month”. He thinks she will be back in a month. 他想她将在一个月后回来。 He says, I have accepted her invitation. He says he has accepted her invitation. 他说他已接受了她
14、的邀请。比较： 间接引语中的谓语动词时态对比。 Sarah said to me,I have two brothers. 莎莎对我说：“我有两个弟弟。” Sarah told me that she has two brothers. 莎莎告诉我说她有两个弟弟。（说话才认为这情况是真实的） Sarah told me that she had two brothers. 莎拉告诉我说她有两个弟弟。（说话者对此没有什么把握） b. 间接引语表示的是现在的习惯动作、科学真理、客观事实、格言等。 The geography teacher said to the students, “The earth moves round the sun”. The geography teacher told the students that the earth moves round the sun. 老师告诉学生地球围绕太阳转。 He said, “Every dog has his day”. He said that every dog has his day. 他说是人皆有出头日。 c. 间接引语中动词表示的动作说话时仍在进行或状态仍然存在，时态可保 持不变。 He said, “The window is broken”.
