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1、高一英语语法专题 主谓一致 动词不定式冀教版 本讲教育信息 一 教学内容 语法专题 主谓一致 动词不定式 主谓一致 主谓一致是指 1 语法形式上要一致 即单复数形式与谓语要一致 2 意义上要一致 即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致 3 就近原则 即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语 一般来说 不可数名词用动词单数 可数名词复数用动词复数 There is much water in the thermos 但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时 谓语动词用复数形式 Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year 1 并列结构作主
2、语时谓语用复数 Reading and writing are very important 注意 当主语由 and 连结时 如果它表示一个单一的概念 即指同一人或同一 物时 谓语动词用单数 and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词 The iron and steel industry is very important to our life 典型例题 The League secretary and monitor asked to make a speech at the meeting A is B was C are D were 答案 B 注 先从时态上考虑 这是过去发生的事情应用
3、过去时 先排除 A C 本题易误选 D 因为 The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人 但仔细辨别 monitor 前没有 the 在英语中 当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务 前加定冠词 后面的职务用 and 相连 这样本题主语为一个人 所以应选 B 2 主谓一致中的靠近原则 1 当 there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时 谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一 致 There is a pen a knife and several books on the desk There are twenty boy students and twenty three gi
4、rl students in the class 2 当 either or 与 neither nor 连接两个主语时 谓语动词与最 邻近的主语保持一致 如果句子是由 here there 引导 而主语又不止一个时 谓 语通常也和最邻近的主语一致 Either you or she is to go Here is a pen a few envelops and some paper for you 3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致 当主语后面跟有 with together with like except but no less than as well as 等词引起的短语时 谓语动词与
5、前面的主语一致 The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory He as well as I wants to go boating 4 谓语需用单数 1 代词 each 和由 every some no any 等构成的复合代词作主语 或主语 中含有 each every 谓语需用单数 Each of us has a tape recorder There is something wrong with my watch 2 当主语是一本书或一条格言时 谓语动词常用单数 The Arabian Night i
6、s a book known to lovers of English 天方夜谭 是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书 3 表示金钱 时间 价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时 通常把这些名词看 作一个整体 谓语一般用单数 用复数也可 意思不变 Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations Ten yuan is enough 5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数 1 在代词 what which who none some any more most all 等词的单 复数由其指代的词的单复数决定 All is right 一切顺利 Al
7、l are present 所有人都到齐了 2 集体名词作主语时 谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定 如 family audience crew crowd class company committee 等词后用复数形式时 意 为这个集体中的各个成员 用单数时表示这个集体 His family isn t very large 他家不是一个大家庭 His family are music lovers 他的家人都是音乐爱好者 但集合名词 people police cattle poultry 等在任何情况下都用复数形式 Are there any police around 3 有些名词 如
8、 variety number population proportion majority 等 有时看作单数 有时看作复数 A number of 名词复数 复数动词 The number of 名词复数 单数动词 A number of books have lent out The majority of the students like English 6 与后接名词或代词保持一致 1 用 half of part of most of a portion of 等词引起主语时 动词通 常与 of 后面的名词 代词保持一致 Most of his money is spent on
9、books Most of the students are taking an active part in sports 2 在一些短语 如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时 谓语动 词多用单数形式 但由 more than of 作主语时 动词应与其后的名词或代词保 持一致 Many a person has read the novel 许多人都读过这本书 More than 60 percent of the students are from the city 百分之六十多 的学生都来自这个城市 动词不定式 时态 语态 主动 被动 一般式 to do
10、 to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 1 不定式作宾语 1 动词 不定式 afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wa
11、it wish undertake 举例 The driver failed to see the other car in time 司机没能及时看见另一辆车 I happen to know the answer to your question 我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案 2 动词 不定式 动词 宾语 不定式 ask beg choose expect hate help intend like love need prefer prepare promise want wish I like to keep everything tidy 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁 I like you
12、 to keep everything tidy 我喜欢你使每件东西都保持整洁 I want to speak to Tom 我想和汤姆谈话 I want you to speak to Tom 我想让你和汤姆谈话 3 动词 疑问词 to decide know consider forget learn remember show understand see wonder hear find out explain tell Please show us how to do that 请演示给我们如何去做 There are so many kinds of tape recorders
13、on sale that I can t make up my mind which to buy 有这么多的录音机 我都拿不定主意买哪一种 注意 疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时 谓语动词用单数 The question is how to put it into practice 问题是怎样把它付诸实施 2 不定式作补语 1 动词 宾语 不定式 to do advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force gu
14、ess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn 例句 a Father will not allow us to play on the street 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍 b We believe him to be guilty 我们相信他是有罪的 find
15、的特殊用法 find 后可用分词做宾补 或先加形式宾语 再加形容词 最后加带 to 的动 词不定式 find 后也可带一个从句 此类动词还有 get have I found him lying on the ground I found it important to learn I found that to learn English is important 典型例题 The next morning she found the man in bed dead A lying B lie C lay D laying 答案 A find 的宾语后面 用分词或分词短语 起宾语补足语作用
16、现在分 词表达主动 也表达正在进行 过去分词表达被动 2 to be 的不定式结构 作补语的动词 acknowledge believe consider think declare 声称 discover fancy 设想 feel find guess judge imagine know prove see 理解 show suppose take 以为 understand We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class 我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一 典型例题 Charles Babbage is generally considered the first computer A to invent B inventing C to have invented D having invented 答案 A 由 consider to do sth 排除 B D 此句只说明发明这一个事实 不定式后用原形即可 而 C 为现在完成时 发明为点动词一般不用完成时 且此处 也不强调对现在的影响 因此不选 C 3
