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1、专题九 虚拟语气 91 命题趋势分析虚拟语气是英语学习中的一个难点，测试内容涉及到以下几个方面：1在含非真实条件句的主从句中的应用；2在其他各种从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、状语从句及定语从句）中的应用。92考点知识精讲语气是动词的一种形式。它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。英语动词有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式，它用来表示说话人主观上所说的话并不是事实或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议、命令或是与事实相反的假设。虚拟语气可以用于if引导的非真实条件句及其他一些从句中。考点一、虚拟语气在if引导的非真实条件句中的应
2、用非真实条件句表示不大可能或不可能发生或实现的假设，句中的条件从句与主句皆须用虚拟语气。其形式如下：if虚拟条件句主 句与现在事实相反的假设If+主语+动词的过去式（be动词用were）主+should /would / could /might + 动词原形与过去事实相反的假设If+主语+had+过去分词主+should /would / could /might + have+过去分词与将来事实相反的假设If+主语+ 动词过去式If + 主语 + were to + 动词原形If + 主语 + should + 动词原形主+should /would / could /might + 动词
3、原形使用虚拟条件句时要注意以下几点：1.错综时间条件句当条件从句表示的动作与主句表示的动作所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，主从句的谓语动词的形式要根据各自表示的时间来调整。2.含蓄条件句非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表示出来，只暗含在短语或上下文中，这种句子叫做“含蓄条件句”。常见的有but for , without等引导的短语，以及or, or else , otherwise, but等后面的分句。3.省略连词if采用倒装的非真实条件句if虚拟条件句中如果有should,had或were时，可以省略if，而将should,had或were提到主语之前，也就是主谓要倒装。考
4、点二、虚拟语气在其他一些从句中的用法1.用于主语从句It is /was important (necessary , essential, impossible, natural, unthinkable, strange,surprising , etc.)that.主语 + (should)+ 动词原形 It is /was a pity (a shame , an honour, a surprise, no wonder , etc.)that.It is /was suggested (requested, required , ordered , proposed , decid
5、ed , etc.)that.2.用于宾语从句在wish后的宾语从句中“had+过去分词”（表示过去的主观愿望）“过去式（be 的过去式为were)”(表示现在的主观愿望)“would/could+动词原形”(表示将来不太可能实现的愿望)在would rather后的宾语从句中“过去式”（表示现在或将来要做的事情。）“had+过去分词”（谈到过去的动作）动词insist , order,command, advise , suggest , propose ,demand , desire,request , require等后面的宾语从句中(“一坚持”、“二命令”、“三建议”、“四 要 求”
6、)“should+动词原形”（should可以省略）注意： insist 表示“坚持认为，固执己见”时，突出真实想法，用陈述语气。 suggest 表示“表明”、“暗示”时，说明真实感受，用陈述语气。3. 用于表语从句、同位语从句表示“决定”、“主张”、“要求”、“建议”、“命令”的动词相对应的名词构成的表语从句中常见的这类名词有：advice 建议demand 强烈要求order 命令insistence坚持、主张desire 心愿requirement 要求request 请求proposal 建议suggestion 建议command 命令decision 决定( should )+
7、动词原形表示“决定”、“主张”、“要求”、“建议”、“命令”的动词相对应的名词构成的同位语从句中as if , as though引导的表语从句中过去式”（表示与现在事实相反的情况） “had+过去分词”（表示与过去事实相反的情况）4.用于状语从句as if , as though , even if,even though引导的状语从句“过去式(be的过去式为were )”(表示与现在事实相反)“had+过去分词”(表示与过去事实相反)（注意：如果as if 从句动作发生的可能性大，从句用陈述语气；如果可能性小，从句用虚拟语气）lest , for fear that, in case等引导
8、的目的状语从句（should）+动词原形so that, in order that等引导的目的状语从句can , could+动词原形或may , might +动词原形 5.用于定语从句 It is (high)time that“过去式”“ should + 动词原形”(should 不能省略)6.虚拟语气用于if only句型中在if only引导的感叹句中，通常要用虚拟语气。if only的意思是“若是.那该多好啊；真希望.；只要.就好”。若与现在事实相反用过去式，若与过去事实相反用过去完成时。93 高考真题演练1. If only he quietly as the doctor
9、instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie2. How I wish every family _a large house with a beautiful garden.A. has B. had C. will have D. had had3. You did not let me drive. If we _in turn, you _ so tiredA. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt getC. were drivi
10、ng; wouldnt get D. had driven ; wouldnt have got4. _it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu BridgeA. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will5. I suggested the person _ to be put into prisonA. refers B. referring C. referred D. refer6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, i
11、t looks as if it_.A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken7. I insisted _to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing _ wrong with him.A. on him to go; should be B. he went; beC. he go; was D. he should to; is8.Your aunt invites you to the movies todayI had rather she _ me tomorrow than
12、 todayA. tells B. told C. would tell D. had told9.Would you have called her up had it been possibleYes, but I _busy doing my homeworkA. was B. were C. had been D. would be10. I was ill that day, otherwise I _ the sports meetA. would have taken part in B. took part inC. had taken part in D. would tak
13、e part in11. _the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easilyA. Had it not been for B. If it were notC. If it had not been for D. Were it not for12. If my lawyer _here last Sunday, he _ me from goingA. had been, would have prevented B. had been, would preventC. were, prevent D. were, would
14、 have prevented13. _hard, he would have passed the examA. If he were to work B. Had he worked C. Should he work D. Were he to work14. _today, he would get there by FridayA. Were he to leave B. If he had left C. Did he to leave D. Had he left15. Had you listened to the doctor, you _all right now.A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been16. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brotherA. has come B. did come C. come
