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1、1 时间状语从句 常见的从属连词有：(注意其汉语意义)2 when, while, as, before, after, since, until (till) once as soon as, the moment, the minute, immediately, directly, each/every time, the first time, the last time, next time, by the time, whenever等。例如：3 Every/Each time I was in trouble, he would come to my help.4 I thoug
2、ht her nice and honest the first time I met her.注意：（1）when, while, as的区别：5 1)when引导从句时，主从句的动作有先有后，也可以同时进行,从句的动作可以是持续性的，也可以是短暂的。如：6 When I got to the airport, the plane had already taken off. （主先从后）（短暂性）7 When I lived there, I used to go to the seaside on Sundays. (同时) （持续性）8 When the movie ended, th
3、e people went back. （从先主后）9 2)while侧重主从句动作的对比，且从句的动词必须是持续性的。如：10 While we were chatting she was looking at the time table on the wall11 3)as引导从句时侧重主从句动作同时或几乎同时进行，从句的动作可以是持续性的，也可以是短暂的。如：12 Sometimes I watch TV as I am having breakfast13 4）when和while还可以是并列连词，意思分别是“就在这时”，“然而”。如：14 I was having a rest o
4、n the sofa when the telephone rang15 They were surprised that a child should work out the problem while they couldnt .注：并列连词when常用与以下句型中：was/were doingwhen（正在做突然）was/were about to dowhen（刚要做突然）was/were on the point of doingwhen(刚要做突然)had just donewhen.(刚一就)Hardly/Scarcely haddonewhen(刚一就)(2)before引导
5、从句时,词义非常灵活，注意下列句子中的before的词义：1.Before I could get in a word, the tailor had measured me.(还没来得及就)2.We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.(还没就)3.We had sailed 4 days before we saw land.(才)4.Please write it down before you forget it.(趁还没就)(3)till (until) 和nottill (until)1） till (until):主句谓语动词必须是持续性的
6、，意思是“到为止“如：He remained there till/until she arrived.2） nottill (until): 主句谓语动词必须是短暂性的，意思是“直到才”如：She wont go to bed till/until he returns home.3） notuntil还有强调式和倒装式：强调句：It is not until he returns home that she will go to bed.倒装句：Not until he returns home will she go to bed.(4)几个极易混淆的时间状语从句：1） It was +
7、时间点+when（当的时候时间是）It was 5 am when we arrived at the village.2） It was/will be+时间段+before(没过就过了才)It was/will be two weeks before we met/meet again.3） It is /has been +时间段+since（自从以来有）It is/has been 3 years since we last met.突破点：一看be动词的时态，二看时间段还是时间点。注意：在“It is /has been +时间段+since”句型中，从句的动词必须是短暂性的，如果是
8、延续性的动词，时间要从从句的动作结束时算起。如：It is 3 years since I smoked.( 我戒烟有三年了)2条件状语从句常见的从属连词有：if, unless, as/so long as , as/so far as, on condition that , in case(万一) , the more, the more等。如：As/So far as I can see ( am concerned), it will be impossible for them to finish the task.The more books you read, the happ
9、ier you will feel(前面为从句)3原因状语从句常见的从属连词有：because, since, now that , as等。注意because, since, as的区别：）why的语气最强，它引导的从句比主句更重要，从句的位置可前可后；例外回答why的问句必须使用because。如：-Why were you absent from the meeting yesterday?-Because I was ill.2)since和now that意思是“既然”，语气仅次于because,从句的位置一般在前。如：Since everybody is here, lets be
10、gin our meeting3)as的语气比since更弱，意思是“由于”，从句的位置可前可后。如：As you didnt turn up at yesterdays get-together, we missed you very much）*for也有“因为”之意，但for是并列连词常用来来补充说明原因或用来表示推断的依据，前面常带逗号。如：It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet4让步状语从句常见的从属连词有：though, although, as, even if / though, no matter wh-，
11、wh-ever, whetheror等。如：However late/No matter how late he is, his family will wait for him to have dinner together.Child as he is, he knows a lot. (as引导的让步状语从句必须倒装)Whether it is fine or not, I will go boating5地点状语从句常见的从属连词有：*where, wherever等。如：Put the book where it is6比较状语从句常见的从属连词有：*asas, *not so (a
12、s)as, *than等。注意：(1)在表达倍数时，可用三种句型：1)A倍数比较级than B 如：This building is twice taller than that one2)A倍数as原级asB 如：This building is three times as tall as that one3)A倍数the size(height, weight, length etc) of B 如：This building is three times the size of that one(2) 三种句型变式：）倍数more名词than）*倍数as many/much 名词asA
13、mericans eat more than twice as many vegetables per person today as they did in 1910. It is reported that the United States uses twice as much energy as the whole of Europe.7方式状语从句常见的从属连词有：as , as if / though 等注意：as if / though引导的从句常用虚拟语气，表示非真实情况He talks about the moon as if he had been there(从句动作先发
14、生)She treated the boy as if he were/was her own child(主从句动作同时发生)8目的状语从句常见的从属连词有：so that, that, in order that，in case (以免), for fear that等。如：Most students go to college (so) that they can be engineers, teachers or chemists注意：从句中的情态动词can, could, may, might等提示为目的状语从句9结果状语从句常见的从属连词有：sothat, suchthat , s
15、o that等。如：He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family.It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.Tom studied very hard so that he passed the exam.三、用法灵活的as, when, while 引导的状语从句1. as可以引导时间、原因、让步、比较和方式等5种状语从句。2. when可以引导时间、条件和原因等3种状语从句。How can we explain it to you when(=if) you wont listen.It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in 5 minutes3. while可以引导时间、让步、条件和原因等4种状语从句。While(=Though) I like the color o
