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1、高三英语语法专题复习译林出版社【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：语法专题复习二. 教学目标：复习情态动词和虚拟语气三. 教学重难点：情态动词和虚拟语气的复习与运用情态动词一、情态动词注意事项1、Could I borrow your book? Yes. Of course you _.2. Would you like to do it for me ? Yes. I_.3. Need I finish the work today? Yes, _. No, _. No, _.4. Shall I tell John about it? No, you _.5. Must we do it n
2、ow? No, you _.二、推测语气1、对现在或将来情况推测：must +动词原形。must只能用于肯定。否定和疑问分别用cant和can。He must tell a lie. Can he tell a lie ?He cant tell a lie.可能性依次减弱*must-may-might/could+ do2、对过去情况推测：must (may, might)+现在完成时。You must have met him before.mustmaymight可能性依次减弱must只能用于肯定句，译成“一定”。否定和疑问分别用cant / couldnt和can / could。Co
3、uld /Can it have happened last night ?It couldnt/cant have happened last night. 3、表猜测语气的反意疑问句的构成He must be reading, _ he?You must do it yourself, _ you?He must have gone over the article, _ he?It must have rained last night,_ it?三、情态动词的一些特殊用法1、shall1）用于第一人称表将来。I shall go to work after I have finishe
4、d school.2）用于第一、三人称疑问句、表征求对方意见或向对方请求。Shall he come in? Come in, please.3）用于第二、三人称，表示保证、承诺、威胁、警告。You shall be punished if you insist on doing it this way.2、should1）预测、可能。They should be here by now.2）说话人的感情。如惊奇、愤怒、失望等，“竟然”You cant imagine that well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady.3、情态动词+
5、have done 构成的虚拟语气could /should/ ought to/ need have done.You should have come here five minutes earlier.虚拟语气一、虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。也可用于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等。二、if从句中的虚拟语气 1. if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断 判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。 2.“后
6、退一步法” 后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。即：在非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是：与过去事实相反:If 从句_, 主句 _与现在事实相反:If 从句_, 主句_与将来事实可能相反:If 从句_, 主句_ 例：If I had come here yesterday, I would have seen him. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students. If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn
7、t go out. 3. 注意事项 if条件句中如有were, should, had，可以省去if，并使用倒装语序。 _ _ _ 在现代英语中if条件状语从句中的谓语动词如果是be，其过去形式一般用were。 4. 错综时间的虚拟语气当条件从句中的谓语动词与主句的谓语动词发生的时间不一致时，主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定，叫做错综时间的虚拟语气。如：如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。 If they _ (study) hard, they _(do) it easily now.（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反）如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。If
8、he _(take) my advice, he _(do) it much better like this.（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反）三、其它句型中的虚拟语气1、用otherwise/or (否则)，with，without和but for (要不是) 代替条件状语从句构成虚拟语气。Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today._But for/Without your help, I wouldnt have finished the work._But for water, it would b
9、e impossible to live in the desert._Im too busy now, otherwise/or I would help you do the work._2、虚拟语气用在as if /as though ；even if/ even though; if only （要是就好了；若是那该多好啊；真希望；只要，只要就好）引导的从句中，如果从句的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，用一般过去时；指将来状况，用过去将来时。如：She loves the baby as if it_(be)her own son.I remember the whole t
10、hing as if it _(happen) yesterday.Even if she _(be) here, she couldnt solve the problem.注意: It looks as if it _ ( rain). (根据迹象判断真的要下雨)If only we _(follow) your advice!If only I _ (see) him again!比较: only if 只要Only if you study hard, youll make progress.3、虚拟语气用于宾语从句：（1）wish接宾语从句表示不能实现的愿望，有三种情况： 1）表示现
11、在不能实现的愿望：_ 2）表示过去不能实现的愿望：_ 3）表示将来不能实现的愿望：_我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。I wish I _30 years younger. (现在)他想，要是他没犯这样的错误该多好。(过去)He wished he _ such a mistake.我希望你能找到一个好职业。I wish (that) you _ a good job.（将来）（2）would rather 接宾语从句表示一种主观愿望:I would rather you _(pay) me now. (与现在事实相反)I would rather you _(go) there. (与过去事实相反)Dont come. I would rather you _(come) tomorrow. (与未来事实相反)（3）动词order, command, demand, suggest, insist, propose, advi
