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1、95年8月托福考试阅读理解全真试题（下）There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual. The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning， human beings viewed the natural forces of the world，
2、 even the seasonal changes， as unpredictable， and they sought through various means， to control these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals. Eventually stories arose which explained
3、 or veiled the mysteries of the rites. As time passed some rituals were abandoned， but the stories， later called myths， persisted and provided material for art and drama.Those who believe that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music， dance，
4、 masks， and costumes were almost always used. Furthermore， a suitable site had to be provided for performances，and when the entire community did not participate， a clear division was usually made between the acting area and the auditorium. In addition， there were performers， and since considerable i
5、mportance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites， religious leaders usually assumed that task. Wearing masks and costumes， they often impersonated other people， animals， or supernatural beings，and mimed the desired effect - success in hunt or battle，the coming rain， the revival
6、of the Sun - as an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities.Another theory traces the theater s origin from the human interest in storytelling. According to this view， tales（about the hunt， war， or other feats） are gradually elaborated，at first t
7、hrough the use of impersonation， action， and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds.31
8、. What does the passage many discuss？（A） The origins of theater（B） The role of ritual in modern dance（C） The importance of storytelling（D） The variety of early religious activities.32. The word they in line 6 refers to（A） seasonal changes（B） natural forces（C） theories（D） human beings33. What aspect
9、of drama does the author discuss in the first paragraph？（A） The reason drams is often unpredictable（B） The seasons in which dramas were performed（C） The connection between myths and dramatic plots（D） The importance of costumes in early drama34. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a common ele
10、ment of theater and ritual？（A） Dance（B） Costumes（C） Music（D） Magic35. The word considerable in line 21 is closest in meaning to（A） thoughtful（B） substantial（C） relational（D） ceremonial36. The word enactment in line 22 is closest in meaning to（A） establishment（B） performance（C） authorization（D） seaso
11、n37. The word they in line 23 refers to（A） mistakes（B） costumes（C） animals（D） performers38. According to the passage， what is the main difference between ritual and drama？（A） Ritual uses music whereas drama does not.（B） Ritual is shorter than drama.（C） Ritual requires fewer performers than drama.（D）
12、 Ritual has a religious purpose and drama does not.39. The passage supports which of the following statements？（A） No one really knows how the theater began（B） Myths are no longer represented dramatically.（C） Storytelling is an important part of dance（D） Dramatic activities require the use of costume
13、s.40. Where in the passage does the author discuss the separation of the stage and the audience？（A） Lines 8-9（B） Lines -（C） Lines （D） Lines 22-24Questions 41-50Staggering tasks confronted the people of the United States， North and South， when the Civil war ended. About a million and a half soldiers
14、from both sides had to be demobilized，readjusted to civilian life， and reabsorbed by the devastated economy. Civil government also had to be put back on a peacetime basis and interference from the military had to be stopped.The desperate plight of the South has eclipsed the fact that reconstruction
15、had to be undertaken also in the North，though less spectacularly. Industries had to adjust to peacetime conditions， factories had to be retooled for civilian needs.Financial problems loomed large in both the North and the South. The national debt had shot up from a modest $65 million in 61， the year
16、 the ear started to nearly $3 billion in 65， the year the war ended. This was a colossal sum for those days but one that a prudent government could pay. At the same time， war taxes had to be reduced to less burdensome levels.Physical devastation caused by invading armies， chiefly in the South and border states， had to be repaired. This herculean task was ultimately comp
