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1、2020届高三英语二轮复习精品学案（湖北专用）：第3模块 阅读理解 专题6 史地自然型阅读理解专题导读史地自然类文章一般涉及某个国家、地区、河流、山脉、海洋、城镇等的地理位置以及与之相关的社会生活、社会风情、政治经济、人文历史、自然资源、文化习俗、文化遗产等方面的情况， 相当一部分文章还附有图表供理解或选择。文章选材来源于英语国家的主要名胜或历史事件。命题以细节题为主， 有一定的主观推断题；涉及一定的地理常识或历史知识。阅读史地类文章时， 要重点弄清楚各个地名、人名之间的相互关系和各个国家、地区或城镇之间的地理方位。如果文章或试题有附图或附表， 一定要把附图或附表看懂、看明白。附图或附表的存在
2、就是帮助我们更好地读懂和理解文章， 辅助我们做好有关试题。与环保相关的话题自然是高考备受关注的一个热点问题， 各地的阅读试题中几乎都有一篇这方面的文章。有关于环境问题讨论的；有关于人类对于环境的影响的；有关于探讨自然环境的发展规律的等等。在命题上多以细节理解题、综合分析题和推理判断题为主。真题典例2020安徽卷Think about the different ways that people use the wind.You can use it to fly a kite or to sail a boat.Wind is one of our cleanest and richest p
3、ower sources(来源)，as well as one of the oldest.Evidence shows that windmills(风车)began to be used in ancient Iran back in the seventh century BC.They were first introduced to Europe during the 1100s，when armies returned from the Middle East with knowledge of using wind power.For many centuries, people
4、 used windmills to grind(磨碎)wheat into flour or pump water from deep underground.When electricity was discovered in the late 1800s，people living in remote areas began to use them to produce electricity.This allowed them to have electric lights and radio. However, by the 1940s when electricity was av
5、ailable to people in almost all areas of the United States, windmills were rarely used.During the 1970s，people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity.People also realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last foreve
6、r.Then, wind was rediscovered，though it means higher costs.Today，there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind.()1.From the text we know that windmills _.Awere invented by European armiesBhave a history of more than 2,800 yearsCused to supply power to
7、radio in remote areasDhave rarely been used since electricity was discovered()2.What was a new use for wind power in the late 19th century?ASailing a boat.BProducing electricity.CGrinding wheat into flour.DPumping water from underground.()3.One of the reasons wind was rediscovered in the 1970s is th
8、at_.Awind power is cleanerBit is one of the oldest power sourcesCit was cheaper to create energy from windDthe supply of coal and gas failed to meet needs()4.What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?AThe advantages of wind power.BThe design of wind power plants.CThe world
9、wide movement to save energy.DThe global trend towards producing power from wind.【要点综述】 本文是关于风车的起源及历史的一篇文章。主要论及在不同的时期风车的作用。在伊朗被发明后被传至欧洲用来抽水和碾碎小麦，后来被用来发电。随着社会的变化，风能作为清洁能源又重新被人们重视起来。1C细节判断题。A项错在风车发明于伊朗而不是欧洲；B项的时间有误，从公元前7世纪到现在应该是2600多年，而不是2800多年；D项错在电能被发现后和被传送至边远地区前，在边远地区，风车被用来发电。2B细节判断题。从When electric
10、ity was discovered in the late 1800s, people living in remote areas began to use them to produce electricity可以判断B项为正确答案。3A推理判断题。从最后一段的第一、二两句可以看出，在20世纪70年代以后，人们意识到矿物燃料发电对环境造成污染以及矿物燃料资源有限，于是又重新重视风能的价值。故A为正确答案。4D推理判断题。从最后一句可以看出D项为最佳选项。新题预测The Lusitania was a luxury ocean ship that sailed the Cunard Lin
11、es Liverpool. She was the largest ship at that time. With a total of seven decks, it was estimated that over 200,000 people gathered to witness her departure on her first voyage.The Lusitania set off on her last voyage in May 1915, from Pier 54 in New York with about 1,959 people on board. It was re
12、ported that foodstuffs, metal rods, and ingots were loaded on its cargo. She sailed approximately thirty miles from Cape Clear Island to the coast of Co. Cork, Ireland where she got stuck in fog, had to reduce speed, and crossed the path of a German Uboat. Not realizing the ship was just a civil one
13、, the Uboat fired on the Lusitania, striking her under the bridge, and as a result, there was a second much larger explosion which caused the ship to bend heavily to her starboard.The ships captain ordered all the people to abandon the ship.However, there were serious problems of launching the lifeb
14、oats: out of the total of 48, only six were successfully launched. The Lusitania sank in less than twenty minutes, eight miles off the Old Head of Kinsale. Similar to the Titanic, she sank with her back part almost fully perpendicular(垂直的)to the water. Of those on board, 761 were rescued, but 1,198
15、people died with her, including 100 children. The rescue operation was led by Vice Admiral Sir Charles Henry Cooke, the naval commander at Queenstown.It was a serious sea disaster that shouldnt have taken place. After that, countries all over the world began to consider the safety of commercial ship
16、s.()1.According to the passage, the Lusitania _.Awas the largest ship in historyBsank on her first voyageCboarded more than two hundred thousand peopleDwas loaded with passengers as well as various goods()2.How did people feel when they witnessed the departure of the Lusitania?ADepressed.BExcited.CSad. D
